Generating and Developing Design Ideas 2 Generating and Developing Design Ideas

Objectives Explain the role of the designer. Identify items you design in your daily life. Use design process skills to solve a design problem. Summarize other problem-solving techniques and explain when they should be used. Recall the elements of design. Identify the principles of design. Summarize the five basic types of design decisions.

Role of the Designer Designers create ideas for products Safe Comfortable Efficient Design plays a key role in many careers, including: Architecture Engineering Graphic design Interior design

Are You a Designer? Formal designs Informal designs Painting a toy Designing a school display Making a funny face mask Decorating cupcakes

Design Process Defining the problem Writing the design brief Investigating Developing solutions Choosing a solution Making a model or prototype Testing and evaluating Manufacturing

Engineering Design Process

Defining the Problem Design problem—based on a specific need Methods of addressing a design problem Invention Innovation

Design Brief Defines criteria and constraints Should be as specific as possible

Investigating Gathering information Information sources Existing solutions Libraries Internet Experts Things to consider Function Appearance Materials Construction Safety Environmental impact

Function Successful design solution Does what it is intended to do Easy, efficient, and safe to use Takes ergonomics into consideration

Ergonomics Relationship between a person, a product, and the environment

Discussion How do poorly designed products and services affect your life?

Developing Alternative Solutions Consider brainstorming to generate ideas Sketch or write down all ideas Consider skills, available materials, time needed to build each solution, and cost Consider sustainable design ideas

Discussion Can you think of any other solutions for a pencil holder design problem?

Choosing a Solution Compare solutions with design requirements Create a detailed drawing of the chosen solution Include measurements Include all other information needed to make the product

Solution Chart

Making 3D Models and Prototypes Built to specific scale Used for very large or small products Prototype Generally built at full size Used to help plan steps for making the product Allows designers to test the design

Discussion Why is it important to model ideas before manufacturing products?

Testing and Evaluating Answer three basic questions: Does it work? Does it meet the design brief? Will modifications improve the solution?

Manufacturing Small number of samples are made and given to typical users Designers use feedback to make final changes Company decides how many to make

Other Problem-Solving Methods I-DREAM method Experimentation Try different ideas Used to define or solve problems Troubleshooting Eliminate possible causes of the problem Used when problem is known, but cause is unknown

Troubleshooting

Elements of Design Line Shape Form Texture Color

Line Straight lines Curved lines Jagged lines Strength Direction Stability Curved lines Soft Graceful Jagged lines Harsh Unfriendly

Discussion What do heavy or thin lines suggest?

Shape and Form Shape—Two-dimensional Form—Three-dimensional Types of shapes and forms Geometric Organic Stylized

Texture Rough Smooth Slippery Fuzzy Coarse

Color Result of objects reflecting or absorbing wavelengths of light

Color Primary colors Secondary colors Tertiary colors

Using Color Invoke different moods Produce certain reactions Red often means danger Control temperature Houses painted white to reflect sunlight Dark surfaces in solar panels to absorb sunlight and heat

Principles of Design Balance Proportion Harmony and contrast Pattern Movement and rhythm Unity and style

Balance Symmetrical Asymmetrical Radial

Proportion Relationship between the sizes of two things Can apply to parts of an object

The Golden Mean Mathematical formula to describe proportions found in nature

Harmony and Contrast Harmony makes you feel comfortable Contrast attracts attention or adds excitement Complementary colors

Pattern Found in nature and in man-made objects Used to make uninteresting surfaces attractive Serve a particular function, such as on a chessboard

Discussion How do designers use contrast and pattern in the development of safety equipment?

Rhythm and Movement Rhythm implies movement Can be smooth and flowing or fast and dynamic (Laser)

Unity Sense of belonging or similarity Visually go well together Types of unity Within the parts of a design Between an object and its environment

Style Style depends on: Availability and cost of materials Tools and techniques available to shape materials Cultural preferences Knowledge of elements and principles of design

Design Decisions Five types Conceptual decisions Marketing decisions Technical decisions Construction decisions Aesthetic (artistic) decisions

Review True or False? Design plays a key role in architecture and engineering. True.

Review True or False? Design principles can be applied to desserts and other foods. True.

Review What is the purpose of a design brief? A design brief defines the criteria and constraints that must be met by the designed product.

Review Name six things to consider when gathering information for a design. Function, appearance, materials to be used, construction, safety issues, and environmental impact

Review What is a prototype? A prototype is the first working version of the designer’s solution. It is generally built at full size and is often handmade.

Review What three questions does testing and evaluating a design answer? Does it work? Does it meet the design brief? Will modifications improve the solution?

Review When is troubleshooting a good method to use? Troubleshooting is useful when you know what the problem is, but you do not know what is causing it.

Review What are the elements of design? Line, shape and form, texture, and color

Review The relationship between the sizes of two things is called _____. A. balance B. proportion C. harmony D. contrast

Review What is style? Style is a feature or quality that is typical of designs created by a specific person or during a specific time period.

Review What are the five basic types of design decisions? Conceptual, marketing, technical, construction, and aesthetic

Glossary Balance Brainstorming Complementary colors In design, the arrangement of mass over the space used. The three types of balance are symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial. Brainstorming A group problem-solving method of generating new ideas in which everyone’s ideas are welcome and no idea is too crazy. Complementary colors Contrasting colors; colors found on opposite sides of the color wheel.

Glossary Contrast Design brief Designer A clearly evident difference between two things. Design brief A statement that clearly describes the design problem to be solved. Designer A person who creates and carries out plans for new products and structures.

Glossary Design problem Design process Elements of design A situation or condition that can be solved or improved through the application of technology. Design process An orderly set of steps or skills used to generate and develop design ideas. The actual process varies depending on the design problem. Elements of design The things you see when you look at an object, including line, shape and form, texture, and color.

Glossary Engineering design process Ergonomics Experimentation A design process used to design an item that is scientific or technical in nature. Ergonomics The study of how a person, the products used, and the environment (our surroundings) can best be fitted together. Experimentation Trying different ideas to solve a problem to see which one works best.

Glossary Form Function Harmony A three-dimensional representation of an object. Function What an object does or how it works; a functional object or product solves the problem described in the design brief. Harmony A condition in which chosen colors or designs naturally go together.

Glossary Innovation Invention Lines The process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it. Invention The process of turning ideas and creativity into new devices and systems. Lines Design elements that describe the edges or contours (outlines) of shapes; they show how an object will look when it has been made.

Glossary Model Pattern Primary colors A three-dimensional likeness of an object that is used to communicate design information and to evaluate a design. Pattern An element or shape repeated many times in a design. Primary colors The three colors of the spectrum (red, blue, and yellow) that cannot be created by mixing other colors.

Glossary Principles of design Proportion Prototype The guidelines for combining the elements of design: balance, proportion, harmony and contrast, pattern, movement and rhythm, and unity and style. Proportion The relationship between the sizes of two things. Prototype The first working version of the designer’s solution to a problem.

Glossary Rhythm Secondary color Shape Style A quality or feeling of movement, provided by repeating patterns. Secondary color A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors. Shape A two-dimensional representation of an object. Style A feature or quality that is typical of designs created by a specific person or during a specific time period.

Glossary Sustainable design Tertiary color Texture A design that has little or no negative impact on the environment and society. Tertiary color A color obtained by mixing a primary color with a secondary color. Texture A design element that determines the way a surface feels or looks.

Glossary Troubleshooting Unity Systematically eliminating possible causes to a problem to isolate the actual cause. Unity A sense of belonging or similarity between objects or parts of an object.