Central Processing Unit CPU or Processor

Central Processing Unit Components Control Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit

Central Processing Unit Control Unit Reads & Interprets Program Instructions Directs the Operation of the Processor Controls the flow of programs and data into and out of memory

Central Processing Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit Arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Logic: Comparisons

Central Processing Unit Machine Cycle Fetch Decode Execute Store

Central Processing Unit Fetch Calls an instruction into memory

Central Processing Unit Decode Figures out what the instruction is trying to do

Central Processing Unit Execute Does the decoded instruction Add 2+2

Central Processing Unit Store Puts the answer 4 into memory for use by another instruction

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle A Crystal Oscillator on the Motherboard It paces the machine cycle

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle Measured in MHz or GHz Megahertz = 1,000,000 cycles/sec Gigahertz = 1,000,000,000 cycles/sec

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle One clock cycle is calculated by dividing 1 by the MHz or GHz Example: (800 MHz CPU) 1/800,000,000 = 0.00000000125 or 1.25 nanoseconds (nano = billionth) (1.25 billionths of a second)

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle The shorter the clock cycle the faster the processor

Central Processing Unit Pipelining Executing multiple instructions at the same time FETCH DECODE EXECUTE STORE Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Instruction 3 Instruction 4

Central Processing Unit Parallel Processing Multiple processors work together to complete a set of instructions CPU 01 Control CPU Answer CPU 02

Central Processing Unit Dual-Core A dual-core CPU combines two independent processors and their respective caches and cache controllers onto a single silicon chip

Central Processing Unit Dual-Core

Central Processing Unit Dual-Core Advantages Less Power Less Space Better Performance

Central Processing Unit Dual-Core Disadvantages Require Different OS Scalability more limited Lower production yields

Central Processing Unit INTEL AMD TRANSMETA MOTOROLA

Central Processing Unit INTEL

Central Processing Unit AMD

Central Processing Unit TRANSMETA

Central Processing Unit MOTOROLA & IBM

Central Processing Unit Questions

Central Processing Unit Assignment 01 Explain the difference between the Intel Dual-Core and AMD Dual-Core CPUS. What makes them different. Double-Spaced, 12pt Font, w/References Due: Wed Sept 7th