Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in the operating room

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Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in the operating room Kneeshaw J.D. British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 97, Issue 1, Pages 77-84 (July 2006) DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael122 Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 An M mode trace of movement of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (UCG) by Edler and Hertz.3 British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Schematic diagram demonstrating the combination of multiple linear scan lines to form a two-dimensional image. In this case a short axis TOE view of the left ventricle. (Only a few of the several hundred lines are represented.) British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Rotation (180o) of the scan plane by a multiplane transducer. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Four standard views of the left ventricle demonstrating the areas of myocardium supplied by each of the coronary arteries. LAD, left anterior descending; Cx, circumflex; RCA, right coronary artery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Transgastric short axis view of the left ventricle showing a non-thickening septum (S). LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 TOE long axis view of Type A aortic dissection demonstrating the dissection flap (F) in the proximal ascending aorta, dilatation of the aorta and free pericardial fluid (P). LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; Ao, ascending aorta; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Pre repair TOE view of a patient with myxomatous disease of the mitral valve showing prolapse of the central scallop of the posterior leaflet (P2). LAA, left atrial appendage. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 8 Causes of hypotension. (a) demonstrates a small under-filled left ventricle in which the papillary muscles are almost touching (P). (b) shows a dilated ventricle in a patient with left ventricular failure. Both scans were made with a total scan depth of 12 cm. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2006 97, 77-84DOI: (10.1093/bja/ael122) Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions