Foundations of Technology Modeling and Prototypes STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Foundations of Technology Modeling and Prototypes TITLE SLIDE Teacher Resource – Unit 2 Lesson 5 © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 The BIG Idea Big Idea: At various intervals of the Engineering Design Process, conceptual, mathematical, and physical models are used to evaluate the design solution. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Why Do We Use Models? Models are used throughout the Engineering Design Process to make observations and develop predictions. Those observations and predictions are then evaluated and, if necessary, solution is redesigned. Modeling allows an engineer/designer to test ideas against real-world conditions without incurring the cost of developing the product. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Types of Models Models can be conceptual, mathematical, or physical. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models Conceptual models are abstract models that use language and graphic-based representations to convey meaning. They can include: Technical Writing Graphs and Charts Annotated Sketches Technical Drawings [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Technical Writing STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Technical Writing Technical Writing is a very precise style of writing. Good technical writers practice: Clarity – the accurate use of words. Avoid jargon, abbreviations, slang, and unknown terms. Brevity – only essential language should be included. The key information should be stated first. Example for Clarity – avoid terms found on the Internet / text chat Example for Brevity – Despite a poor first half, the Ravens won the Superbowl vs. The Ravens won the Superbowl despite a poor first half. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Technical Writing STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Technical Writing Good technical writers practice: Simplicity – provide necessary details. Do not use flowery language or needlessly complex language. Active Voice – use straightforward and strong language. Do not use a passive voice. Example Simplicity – Use vs. Utilization / At this time vs. Now / Made arrangements for vs. Arranged Example Active Voice – We completed X in order to determine Y vs. Y was determined by the group through several activities, which included X. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts Graphs and charts are commonly used to show a relationship between two or more variables and to highlight a trend(s) for the audience. Graphs and charts are commonly used to show data and results from evaluations. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts Graphs and charts commonly appear in the form of: Line Graph – used to show the relationship between two or more objects and/or a trend. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts Graphs and charts commonly appear in the form of: Bar Graph – used to show the relationship between objects by measuring frequency. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts Graphs and charts commonly appear in the form of: Pie Chart – used to compare parts/percentages within one set of data. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Graphs and Charts Graphs and charts commonly appear in the form of: Venn Diagram – used to show overlap between two or more sets of data. Data 1 Data 2 [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Annotated Sketches STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Annotated Sketches Annotated Sketches are sketches that include notes or labels, dimensions, and/or symbols. Sketches are often used to show an idea or visibly capture a thought. All sketches should include some type of annotation. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Technical Drawings STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Technical Drawings Technical drawing is a visual communication language that is used to communicate how something works or is constructed. All technical drawings include: Standard symbols Units of measurement [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Conceptual Models – Technical Drawings STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Conceptual Models – Technical Drawings Technical Drawings can be produced using paper and pencil or on a computer using computer-aided design (CAD). We will use two basics types of technical drawings: Orthographic projection Isometric projection [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Mathematical Models Mathematical models are abstract models that use the language of mathematics to describe the behavior of the solution. They can include: Statistical models Differential equations Game theoretic models (computer simulation) [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Mathematical Models Mathematical models are used to simulate how a system or product might behave. They frequently use symbolic algebra to represent and explain mathematical relationships. Computers are often used to improve mathematical models by performing long, complicated, and/or repetitive calculations. Mathematical models are used to express ideas precisely. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Creating a Mathematical Model STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Creating a Mathematical Model Prior to developing a mathematical model you must first determine: The output or what you would like the model to achieve. The available data or what information can be used in the model. What research has been done to develop similar models. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Creating a Mathematical Model STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Creating a Mathematical Model Once the background information and output have been developed, you should: Identify relationships among variables. Create/use an equation that relates those variables. Check the model for accuracy against similar systems or products. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Physical Models Physical models are three-dimensional models that represent the solution. They can include: Mock-Up – a representation of the final solution that does not function. Prototype – performs the final solution and can be used for testing/evaluation. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Physical Models – Mock-Up STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Physical Models – Mock-Up A mock-up is a scale or full-size model primarily used for testing or demonstration. Mock-Ups are primarily used by engineers/designers to collect feedback from potential users. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
Physical Models - Prototype STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Physical Models - Prototype A prototype is a scale or full-size working or partially working model. Prototypes are primarily used by engineers/designers to test and evaluate the design to further develop the product. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc