From Genes to Proteins.

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RNA and Protein Synthesis

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Presentation transcript:

From Genes to Proteins

Discuss with your table How would you get information that was located in a book out of the library if you could not take the book out?

How are these two molecules different? DNA vs. RNA

RNA RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a single stranded molecule of linked nucleotides. A nucleotide will consist of: Phosphate group Ribose sugar One of the following nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), or cytosine (C)

Types of RNA Messenger (mRNA): carries the instructions for making a protein from the DNA in the nucleus and delivers it to the ribosome. Transfer (tRNA): contain anticodons and carry specific amino acids to the ribosome Ribosomal (rRNA): part of the structure of a ribosome.

mRNA Codon: a three-base “word” Codes for one amino acid Instructions on mRNA are written in a 3 nucleotide sequence or triplet called a codon Codons complement anticodons on tRNA Codon: a three-base “word” Codes for one amino acid

From Genes to Proteins overview… DNA contains instructions for making proteins. Instructions to make proteins are encoded in nucleotides 3. Order of nitrogen bases determines what protein is made. 4. DNA is too large to leave nucleus and go to site of protein synthesis— the ribosome; so a messenger must be made. 5. Transcription makes a copy of DNA in the form of mRNA inside the nucleus 6. Translation uses the message on mRNA to “translate” the message into a protein. This occurs at the ribosome.

Protein Synthesis Transcription & Translation 2 steps Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcribes message from DNA Message contains directions on how to make protein Pairs with one strand of DNA bases Remember, U pairs with A Exits nucleus with directions for making proteins Same message, different form

Translation Occurs at the ribosome! During translation, the mRNA molecules bind to a ribosome. The mRNA contains codons, which specify specific amino acids. The tRNA molecules contain anticodons and transfer/carry amino acids to the ribosome The amino acids are joined together in long chains to form proteins. HHMI Translation Glencoe Translation

Translation

tRNA: transfers amino acids to the ribosome tRNA’s contain anticodons that pair up with appropriate codons on mRNA. They bring amino acids with them Amino acids connect and form polypeptide (protein)

Overview