Why Is Cancer Therapy Such a Difficult and Often Intractable Effort?

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Why Is Cancer Therapy Such a Difficult and Often Intractable Effort? Cancer Genome Landscapes. Science, Vol. 339, March 29, 2013, pp 1546 – 1548 Bert Vogelstein, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Victor Velculescu, Shibin Zhou, Luis Diaz, Kenneth W. Kinzler Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore http://science.sciencemag.org/content/339/6127/1546 VogelsteinScience15Apr13.ppt Updated: April 25, 2016

Number of somatic mutations associated with cancers in patients

From 5 or 10 to 130 to 700 mutations per tumor

(Insertions & deletions) (Single base substitutions)

Signaling Pathways Affected In Cancers

Pathway Anomalies in Progression in Colo-Rectal Cancer

RTK = receptor tyrosine kinase The RAS Pathway as a representative signaling pathway affected by cancer mutations and approaches to therapy based on RAS pathway anomalies RAS-GTP “On” Switch Mammalian target of Rapamycin Rapamycin and Analogs