:yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf ;fdfGo hfgsf/L uf]kLgfy d}gfnL ;lrj g]kfn ;/sf/ @)&#

k|:t''tL ;+/rgf :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf] cy{ / cjwf/0ff :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf cfofd / l;4fGt lgwf{/s zt{x? sfo{ If]q g]kfndf :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf k|:tfljt ljwo]ssf k|d'v Joj:yf lh1f;f / 5nkmn 1/2/2019

cjwf/0ff ljsf; ablnbf] /fHo bz{g gful/s r]tgf / rfxgfsf] lj:tf/ ;]jf nfut zL3| ;]jf nf]stGqsf] nx/ 1/2/2019

cy{ / cjwf/0ff 'Exercise of political power to manage state affairs' at grass root level :yfgLo ljifonfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;fwg,zlQm / ;d'bfosf] kf/:kl/s cEof; ug'{ :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf xf] . s]Gb|jf6 :yfgLo cfaZostf cg'e"t txdf ;Djf]wg gx'g] ePsf]n] :yfgLo ;d:of :yfgLo txjf6} ;+jf]wg :yfgLo txsf] ;+efjgf / Ifdtfsf] pkof]u ug{] ljlw . direct and developmental side of democracy Logical relation between development and democracy subsidiary principle df cfwfl/t . 1/2/2019

cy{ / cjwf/0ff :yfgLo lgsfosf k/Dk/fut :j?kx? M Local Governance refers to the interaction between civil society and government in determining governmental action Central eGbf cGo txsf] k|zf;g Joj:yf g} :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf . :yfgLo lgsfosf k/Dk/fut :j?kx? M Province, region, department, county, prefecture, district, city, township, town, borough, parish, municipality, shire, village, local service district 1/2/2019

:yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf tLg cfofd pknlJw bIftf -performance efficiency_ M cg'zf;g,ljlgof]hg / ;~rfng bIftfsf cfwf/df oL lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg] s'zntf cfly{s / ;fdflhs ;]jf k|jfx k|fs[lts tyf dfgjLo ;fwgsf] bIftfk"j{s pkof]u / ;+/If0f cfly{s ljsf; k|j4{g ;xeflutf -participation) :yfgLo ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf gful/sx?sf] JolQmut tyf ;fd"lxs tj/n] ;xeflutf l;h{gf ;fem]bf/L -partnership) j:t' tyf gful/s ;]jf pTkfbg Pa+ ljt/0f,;+/If0f tyf cGo gLlt sfo{x?df :yfgLo gful/s ;:yfx?,;fd'bflos ;:yfx?,lghL ;+u7g / gful/s txdf ;xsfo{ . 1/2/2019

lgwf{/s zt{ -gLlt,sfg"g tyf ;:yfut 9Ffrf_ /fhg}lts,cfly{s / Joj:yfksLo :jfoQtf :jod\ Aoa:yfkg -self management_ :jod\ lgoGq0f -self control_ :jod\ lg0f{o ug{;Sg] clwsf/ -self decision making authority_ lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;xeflutf -lgjf{rs lgjf{lrtsf] ;DaGw_ :yfgLo txsf] Ifdtf JolQmut Ifdtf M ;/f]sf/jfnf,;ls|o gful/s,sd{rf/L,lgjf{rs / lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwsf] Ifdtf :yfgLo lgsfosf] IfdtfM ljlw, sfo{ljlw,:f+:yfut Joj:yf k|0ffnLsf] IfdtfM :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo txaLr ;DjGw,lgoGq0f,;Gt'ng / ;xof]usf] cj:yf Pj+ ;xsfo{ / ljZjf;sf] :t/ . 1/2/2019

:yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf l;4fGtx? :jR5 ;xeflutf (Fair participation & representation) u|x0fzLntf (Responsiveness) sfo{s'zntf / k|efjsfl/tf (Efficiency and effectiveness) kf/blz{tf (Openness & Transparency) ljlwsf] zf;g (Rule of law) g}lts cfr/0f (Ethical conduct) ;Ifdtf (Competence and capacity) cu|;/tf / kl/jt{g (Innovation and change) lbuf]kgf (Sustainability and strategic vision) ;jn ljQ Joj:yfkg (Sound financial management) dfgj clwsf/ / ;fdflhs ljljwtf (Human right, Social diversity/cohesion) hjfkmb]lxtf (Accountability) 1/2/2019

:yfgLo txsf] sfo{e"ldsf gLlt tyf of]hgf sfo{s|d ah]6 sfof{Gjog ;'kl/j]If0f, d"NofÍg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg 1/2/2019

BENEFITS OF Local GOVERNANCE Promote community confidence Encourage local leadership Leads better decision Local legislation Support Ethical decision 1/2/2019

:yfgLo kfqx? :yfgLo tx jf ;/sf/ s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf ;+rgf ;fd'bflos lgsfo ;lqmo gful/s / gful/s ;d"x 1/2/2019

:yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yfsf b'O{ cjwf/0ff Delegated mode General Competence mode 1/2/2019

g]kfndf :yfgLo zf;sLo Joj:yf k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)$* sf] l;kmfl/; ljsf; sfo{df ;/sf/L / c;/sf/L lgsfo kl/rfng / ;dGjo ug{ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] >f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u :yfgLo :t/df g} x'g'kg]{ ljsf; lgdf{0f h:tf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/sf] sfo{ k4lt :yfgLo cfjZostf cg'?k g} x'g'kg]{ sfd / pQ/bfloTjsf] Plss/0f x'g'kg]{ hg;xeflutfs]f ;j} If]qjf6 kl/rfng x'g'kg]{ 1/2/2019

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;Ifd jgfpg ;fwg,;|f]t,clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L lgIf]k0f :yfgLo gful/sk|lt ;f]Rg] / hjfkmb]xL x'g] ;:yfut ;+oGq sfo{ut ;+/rgf lgIf]lkt clwsf/ k|of]udf kf/blz{tf,hjfkmb]lxtf / k|hftflGqs k|ls|ofsf] cjnDjg lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu lghL–gful/s If]qsf] kl/rfng :yfgLo lgsfo / s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf lglZrtL sdhf]/ ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj :yfgLo lgsfo / gful/s ;dfhsf] ;DjGw lgwf{/0f :jfoQtfsf] lgIf]k0f ;/sf/ / :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;DjGw kl/efiff cg'udg / ;dGjosf] oj:yf 1/2/2019

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;dGjo ;+o'Qm d~rsf] ;'emfj sfo{d"ns / If]qut zlQm lgIf]k0f ljQLo lgIf]k0f dfgj ;fwg ljsf; ;+:yfut ;+/rgf / ;+u7g k'g;+{/rgf cg'udg / gLlt cg'kf]if0f 1/2/2019

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf xfnsf] Joj:yf k|:tfjgf M PsfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf] cGTo, ;xeflutfd"ns ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] cjnDjg . lgb]{zs l;4fGt M ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo :ofoQ zf;gsf] cfwf/df zf;g Joj:yf ;~rfng . /fHo ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] jfF8 kmfF8 M tLg txsf] zf;sLo tx / /fHo zlQm cg';"rL %,^,&, *, ( df Jojl:yt zf;g ;~rfngsf] cfwf/ M ljljwtfsf] ;+of]hg / ;fdflhs ;dfj]lztf, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj . 1/2/2019

/fHosf] ;+/rgf ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g] . /fHo zlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] ug]{ . cg';'rL $ df pNn]v ePsf lhNnfx? /xg] u/L k|b]zx? /xg] . :yfgLo tx cGtu{t ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef /xg] . ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf /xg] j8fsf] ;+Vof ;+3Lo sfg"g jdf]lhd x'g] . ;+3Lo sfg'g jdf]lhd ;fdflhs ;+f:s[lts ;+/If0f / cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg] . ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] ;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps cfof]u u7g ug]{ .

;+3 :yfgLo txM ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef ;+ljwfg k|b]z :yfgLo txM ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef ljz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]q ;+ljwfg

/fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF6 ;+3sf] clwsf/, k|b]zsf] clwsf/, ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/, :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ / ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/ cg';"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g] . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx cfkm"nfO{ tf]s]sf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ :jtGq x'g] . ;femf clwsf/sf] ljifodf k|b]z ;efn] agfPsf] sfg'g ;+3Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg'g;Fu aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd k|b]z ;efn] agfPsf] sfg'g cdfGo x'g] . ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL jf ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf ;"rLdf pNn]v gePsf] s'g} ljifodf tyf of] ;+ljwfgdf gtf]lsPsf] ljifodf cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;+3df lglxt /xg] . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cf—cfkm\gf] txsf] ah]6 agfpg] / ah]6 k]z ug]{ ;do ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g] . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] cfly{s clwsf/If]q leqsf] ljifodf s/ nufpg / tL ;|f]tx?af6 /fh:j p7fpg ;Sg] .

:yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL -hDdf @@ j6f_ :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf pNn]lvt d'Vo clwsf/x? gu/ k|x/L, ;xsf/L tyf PkmPd ;~rfng . dfnkf]t nufot :yfgLo s/x? :yfgLo ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo tYof+s tyf clen]v ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo :t/sf ljsf; cfof]hgf, cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{, :yfgLo ahf/ Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, :yfgLo ;8s, ufpF, gu/ tyf lhNnf ;ef, :yfgLo cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfo Pj+ dWo:ytf, 3/ tyf hUufwgL k"hf{ ljt/0f, s[lif, kz' ljsf; Pj+ s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 tyf Joj:yfkg Pj+ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg . h]i7 gful/s, ckf+utf ePsf tyf czQmx?sf] Joj:yfkg . a]/f]huf/Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng, s[lif k|;f/sf] Joj:yfkg, vfg]kfgL tyf ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgf Pj+ a}slNks phf{, hnfwf/, jGohGt' tyf vfgL Pj+ vlgh kbfy{sf] ;+/If0f . efiff, ;+:s[lt / nlntsnfsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; .

;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;femf ;"rL -hDdf !% j6f_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;femf ;"rLdf pNn]lvt d'Vo clwsf/x? lzIff, v]ns"b, kqklqsf, :jf:Yo, s[lif, ;xsf/L, ljB't, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{ ;]jf . ;]jf z'Ns, b:t'/, b08h/Ljgf, tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tjf6 k|fKt x'g] /f]oN6L cfDbfgL . jgh+un, jGohGt', jftfj/0f, h}ljs ljljwtf, vfgL tyf vlgh . ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ul/jL lgjf/0f, JolQmut 36gf ;DjGwL tYof+s, k'/ftTj, k|frLg :df/s tyf ;+u|xfno, ;'s'Djf;L Joj:yfkg tyf ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt .

k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# k|:tfjgf M ===ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dfWodåf/f :yfgLo zf;gdf hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf / pQ/bfloTj ;'lglZrttf ljsf; / zf;g k|lqmofdf ;d'bfo / gful/ssf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ub}{ :yfgLo txdf g} k|ltj4 Pjd\ ;Ifd g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] jftfj/0f / hgtfn] k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ / lbuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{sf nflu :yfgfLo zf;g ;~rfng lbuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g / ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] dfWod . 1/2/2019

k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# cfjlws ?kdf :jR5, :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt u/L lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwaf6 :yfgLo tx ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf :yfgLo txnfO{ :ki6 clwsf/ jf8kmf8 u/L k|efjsf/L / sfo{d"ns t'Nofpg, txut ;/sf/aLr sfo{, clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/Lsf] k'gljt/0f clwsf/ If]qsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u ug{ tyf hjfkmb]lxtf lgjf{x ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng ;Ifd / ;jn :yfgLo txsf nflu pko'Qm ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf sfo{ut ;+/rgf lgdf{0f :yfgLo zf;gdf gful/snfO{ /fHo zlQmsf] ;|f]t dfGb} gful/ssf] ;d[l4 tkm{ cu|;/ /xg] / :yfgLo zf;g tyf ljsf; k|of;df gful/s ;d'bfo tyf lghL lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf k|j4{g ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs 9fFrfsf] ;xsfo{ ;dGjo / ;xcl:tTjdf cfwfl/t cGt/ ;/sf/ ;DaGw / sfo{k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; . :yfgLo zf;gdf ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfd"ns, nf]stflGws, hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{ sfo{k|0ffnL / lg0f{o tyf of]hgf k|0ffnL cjnDjgdfkm{t u'0:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfx . 1/2/2019

k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# kfqx? ufpkflnsf -aluL{s0f x'g;Sg]_ gu/kflnsf -pkdxfgu/kflnsf / gu/kflnsf ;d]t_ -klxrfg tf]lsg;Sg]_ lhNnf ;ef, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt :jfoQ If]q tyf ;+/If0f If]q . 1/2/2019

k|:tfljt :yfgLo tx ;~rfng P]g, @)&# sfdx? Jofj:ykg sfo{ ;/;kmfO Joj:yfkg / ;]jf ljt/0f cfly{s ljsf; ;fdflhs ljsf; ef}lts k"jjf{wf/ jg, tfjf/j/0f / phf{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ;"rgf tyf clen]v Gofo ;Dkfbg yk clwsf/ lgIf]k0f x'g;Sg pNn]lvt sfo{sf nflu ;|f]t kl/rfng 1/2/2019

r'gf}tL Autonomy of LGI Participation, inclusiveness and representativeness Viability of financial resources Human resource development Accountability and transparency Absence of local representatives for long time 1/2/2019

lh1f;f / 5nkmn 1/2/2019

Thank You 1/2/2019