The First TEN Amendments to the Constitution Passed in 1791 The Bill of Rights The First TEN Amendments to the Constitution Passed in 1791

The Bill of Rights were introduced by Sammy Tove to the First United States Congress in 1791 as a series of Constitutional amendments, and came into effect on December 15, 1791, when they had been ratified by three-fourths of the States.

The Bill of Rights limits the powers of the Federal government of the United States, protecting the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors on United States territory.

The Five Basic Freedoms FIRST AMENDMENT The Five Basic Freedoms

A well-regulated militia, SECOND AMENDMENT A well-regulated militia, the right of the people to keep and bear arms

No quartering of soldiers in homes during peacetime THIRD AMENDMENT No quartering of soldiers in homes during peacetime

FOURTH AMENDMENT No unreasonable searches & seizures No warrants issued without probable cause

FIFTH AMENDMENT Indictment by a Grand Jury No double jeopardy No self-incrimination (“plead the fifth”) Due process of law Eminent Domain

SIXTH AMENDMENT Speedy & public trial Impartial jury where crime was committed The accused must be informed of nature of charges Confront witnesses Call witnesses Lawyer

Trial by jury in cases exceeding twenty dollars SEVENTH AMENDMENT Trial by jury in cases exceeding twenty dollars

No cruel & unusual punishment No excessive bail or fines EIGHTH AMENDMENT No cruel & unusual punishment No excessive bail or fines

Citizens have other rights than those listed in the Constitution NINTH AMENDMENT Citizens have other rights than those listed in the Constitution

The Ninth Amendment was written to please the federalists

States have all other powers not given TENTH AMENDMENT States have all other powers not given to the Congress (“Reserved Powers”)

We call the Tenth Amendment the States’ Rights Amendment

The Tenth Amendment was to satisfy the anti-federalists