Imperatives and Vocatives How to tell people what to do and make sure they know you’re talking to them.

Marcus dormit.

Marcus dormit.

Marcus prope arborem dormit.

Marce! noli dormire!

Marce! surge!

Marcus surgit.

Marcus surgit.

Lucius quoque dormit.

Marce, Lucium excita.

Marcus Lucium non excitat.

Luci! noli dormire!

Luci! surge!

Lucius surgit.

Marcus et Lucius exspectant.

sed.. cur vos excitabam?

nescio.

Marce! Luci! dormite!

Marce et Luci! nolite narratorem petere!

Marce et Luci! nolite narratorem petere!

eheu.

To make a singular imperative (command): Infinitive – “re” e. g To make a singular imperative (command): Infinitive – “re” e.g. laborare – “re”= labora! e.g. docēre – “re”= doce! e.g. surgere – “re”= surge! e.g. dormire – “re”= dormi!

To make a plural imperative (command): Singular Command + “te” e. g To make a plural imperative (command): Singular Command + “te” e.g. labora + “te”= laborate! e.g. doce + “te”= docete! e.g. surge + “te”= surgite! e.g. dormi + “te”= dormite!

Negative Commands: “noli” = “don’t” singular “nolite” = “don’t” plural Add an infinitive to make the command: e.g. noli dormire = “don’t sleep” e.g. nolite petere = “don’t attack”

Vocative: To get someone’s attention Vocative: To get someone’s attention. All nouns use the nominative form except 2nd Declension Singular So… If the noun ends in “-us” then replace it with “-e” If the noun ends in “-ius” then remove the “-us”

Vocative: e. g. Marcus – “us” + “e”= Marce e. g Vocative: e.g. Marcus – “us” + “e”= Marce e.g. Lucius – “us” = Luci as in “heus, Marce, da mihi cibum!” or “heus, Luci, da mihi pecuniam!”