Warm Up 04/03/17 How do you think fossils and evolution are connected?

Fossils, Evolution, Classification, and Biodiversity

“Theory” or Theory A scientific theory is tested and supported with evidence. It isn’t just some flimsy idea. We use the term “theory” to talk about an idea, but in science and theory is actually supported with testable experiments and supported with evidence.

Fossil A fossil is preserved evidence of an organism

Dating fossils Relative dating: how fossils are aged Law of superposition:

Evolution Changes in organisms over time

Natural vs Artificial Selection Artificial:The evolution of organisms driven by humans Dog breeds, Plant breeds Natural: :When members are better equipped for certain environments; those that aren’t die out

Analogous vs Homologous Structures

Fitness The measure of usefulness an individual trait makes the next generation Some traits make certain individuals more “fit”

Today’s assignment: Fossils handout Adaptations handout Test corrections- tell why the new answer is the correct one! Due today!

Warm Up 04/04/17

Classification Taxonomy: Identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural relationships Binomial nomenclature: each species has a two part scientific name: Entire name is italicized, or underlined, and the first part of the name begins with a capital letter Example Acer rubrum (Acer is the genus, rubrum is the species)

Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Cladogram A branching diagram that represents evolutionary history of a group

Today’s assignment Dichotomous keys Work on vocabulary

Population Dynamics and Biodiversity Terms to cover: Carrying capacity Extinction Habitat fragmentation Density-dependent factor Genetic diversity Invasive species Density-independent factor Species diversity Biodiversity Biological magnification Ecosystem diversity Eutrophication

Population Dynamics Carrying capacity: Density-dependent factor: Maximum # of individuals that an environment can support Density-dependent factor: Any environmental factor that depends on population size. Ex. disease, parasites, predation, competition Density-independent factor: Any environmental factor that does not depend on population size Ex. Fires, hurricanes, flooding

Biodiversity Biodiversity: Ecosystem diversity: Extinction: Variety of life in an area; higher biodiversity = healthy ecosystem Ecosystem diversity: All the ecosystems in the biosphere Extinction: When the last member of a species dies

Biodiversity Species diversity: Biological magnification: Genetic Diversity Variety of genes in a population Species diversity: Number of different species in a community Biological magnification: The increase of concentration in organisms high in the food chain

Biodiversity: Eutrophication: Habitat fragmentation: Invasive Species: Nutrient overloading in a body of water Habitat fragmentation: Separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land Invasive Species: Non-native species brought into an area