UNIT 2 NOTES Chapter 18 – the progressive reform era THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 18: The Progressive Reform Era (1890–1920) Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism Section 2: Progressive Legislation Section 3: Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson Section 4: Suffrage at Last

Presidents of the United States #21 - Current Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896) Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) #1 - 10 George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) #11 - 20 James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the intent and impact of the Progressive Era. Objective 2.4: Describe the factors that led to a final victory for women’s suffrage. THEME: Reform minded citizens, called Progressives, hope to change American society for the better at the turn of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 18 SECTION 4 SUFFRAGE AT LAST

Arguments against women’s voting BECAUSE 90% of the women either do not want it, or do not care. BECAUSE it means competition of women with men instead of co-operation. BECAUSE 80% of the women eligible to vote are married and can only double or annul their husband's votes. BECAUSE it can be of no benefit commensurate with the additional expense involved. BECAUSE in some States more voting women than voting men will place the Government under petticoat rule. BECAUSE it is unwise to risk the good we already have for the evil which may occur.

EARLY MOVEMENT WRITE THIS DOWN! First demand the right to vote in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the convention and was the early leader in America for women’s voting rights In 1872, Susan B. Anthony, insisted on voting (Civil Disobedience) in Rochester, New York. The suffrage leader refused to get out of a voting line She was arrested for this act. Susan B. Anthony

Early Strategies – mid 1800’s Constitutional Amendment Winning suffrage by a constitutional amendment Led by NWSA The first federal amendment was introduced in Congress in 1868 and stalled. In 1878, suffragists introduced a new amendment. Stalled again, the bill was not debated again until 1887. It was defeated by the Senate. The bill was not debated again until 1913. Individual State Suffrage Winning suffrage state by state Led by AWSA State suffrage was a more successful path early on In 1890, Wyoming entered the union and became the first state to grant women the right to vote. Survival on the frontier required the combined efforts of men and women and encouraged a greater sense of equality. Western states were more likely to allow women the right to vote. WRITE THIS DOWN!

A New Generation WRITE THIS DOWN! Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leaders of the suffrage movement, died without seeing the victory of women’s suffrage. New leaders were needed in the 20th Century Rarely are civil rights movements united Carrie Chapman Catt became the leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). She led the movement from 1900 to 1904 and again after 1915. Backed the state suffrage campaigns By 1917, NAWSA was the largest volunteer organization in the country. In 1917, NAWSA saw an important victory when New York voted for women’s suffrage.

A Split in the Movement In March 1913 Alice Paul and Lucy Barns organized a parade of 5,000 women in Washington, D.C. After the success of the rally, Alice Paul led a new organization called the Congressional Union. The Congressional Union (CU) – led by Alice Paul Called for an aggressive militant campaign for the constitutional amendment Planned to bypass existing state suffrage organizations and set up new ones in each state They staged militant protests where they burned a life-size dummy of President Wilson and copies of his speeches. They were arrested and went on hunger strikes in prison. Alice Paul WRITE THIS DOWN!

BAD ROMANCE Women’s Suffrage Video

Victory In 1918, Congress formally proposed the suffrage amendment. WRITE THIS DOWN! In 1918, Congress formally proposed the suffrage amendment. After the amendment was proposed the ratification battle began. In August 1920, Tennessee became the 36th state necessary to ratify the suffrage amendment. The Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote, passed in 1920 This was the last major reform of the Progressive Era.

Suffrage at Last—Assessment Which of the following best describes the difference between NAWSA and CU? (A) The NAWSA fought for state suffrage. (B) The CU did not want to alienate more moderate members. (C) The CU used more radical tactics. (D) The NAWSA was more aligned with the Progressives. Why did the fight for individual state suffrage seem more successful? (A) State governments were often more progressive than the federal government. (B) Western states were more likely to allow women the right to vote. (C) More women volunteered to organize state suffrage battles. (D) The federal government was more concerned with reforming Jim Crow laws.

Suffrage at Last—Assessment Which of the following best describes the difference between NAWSA and CU? (A) The NAWSA fought for state suffrage. (B) The CU did not want to alienate more moderate members. (C) The CU used more radical tactics. (D) The NAWSA was more aligned with the Progressives. Why did the fight for individual state suffrage seem more successful? (A) State governments were often more progressive than the federal government. (B) Western states were more likely to allow women the right to vote. (C) More women volunteered to organize state suffrage battles. (D) The federal government was more concerned with reforming Jim Crow laws.