First Bulk Nanocrystalline Metal Phase Transformations and Complex Properties Group www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans Imagine a material that is cheap, can be made large in all its three dimensions, in huge quantities, has a nanocrystalline structure, and does not require severe processing or dramatic heat treatments during manufacture. This has been achieved by developing the theory for solid-state phase changes to create a steel which can be transformed at incredibly low temperatures into slender plates of bainitic ferrite, embedded in austenite. The inset shows a typical carbon nanotube for comparison at the same magnification. For any scale bigger than 2 mm, the steel is stronger than carbon nanotubes and has remarkable ductility and toughness. More on our world wide web site. 200 Å Micrographs: Cambridge University and the Science Museum. Inset: Ian Kinloch