U.S. Constitution Chapter 3 Notes
Why A New Constitution? Weak Articles of Confederation. State governments were more powerful than the national government. Shays’s Rebellion: Farmers revolt over loss of farms = leaders realize that there is no way to protect citizens. The new United States didn’t have any power at the international level.
Constitutional Convention 55 Delegates met in May of 1787 to change the Articles of Confederation, but instead chose to make a new written plan of government (Constitution).
Who Was There? George Washington: Elected by the other delegates to lead the convention. James Madison: Known as the “Father of the Constitution” Benjamin Franklin: Oldest delegate at age 81. William Patterson: Creator of the New Jersey Plan.
Rules of the Convention Each state would only receive one vote. Majority Rule Everything that happened at the convention would be kept secret.
Virginia Plan Large State Plan Introduced by Edmond Randolph, but composed by James Madison. Included the following Ideas: Bicameral Legislature Representation based on population Executive could be one or more persons Can veto state laws at times Supreme Court
New Jersey Plan Small State Plan Introduced and created by William Patterson Included the Following Ideas: Unicameral Legislature Each state has an equal number of votes More than one executive Executive could be removed by state executives Supreme court appointed by the executive
The Great Compromise Introduced by Roger Sherman of Connecticut. Included the idea of: Both equal representation (Senate) and representation based on population (House of Representatives).
3/5 Compromise Only 3 out of every 5 slaves would count as part of the population for legislative representation. 3 out of 5 slaves would also be counted for taxation purposes.