Methods for Determining the Relative and Absolute Age of Rocks

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Presentation transcript:

Methods for Determining the Relative and Absolute Age of Rocks Geochronology Methods for Determining the Relative and Absolute Age of Rocks

Relative Age Dating - Superposition

Principles of Faunal Succession and Faunal Assemblage Index Fossils - Widespread distribution - Restricted, known time of existence - Common to many environments

Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships

Global Time Markers Volcanic Ash Eruptions

Global Time Markers Magnetic Reversals

Global Time Markers Meteor Impacts K-T Boundary mudstone-impact layer coal K-T impact site

Global Time Markers Climate Change

Gaps in the Geological Record Unconformities

Creating Unconformities

Regional Correlation of Units Piecing the Rock Record Together

GEOPUZZLE 1

GEOPUZZLE 2

GEOPUZZLE 3

Some Geologic Rates Cutting of Grand Canyon 2 km/3 m.y. = 1 cm/15 yr Uplift of Alps 5 km/10 m.y. = 1 cm/20 yr. Opening of Atlantic 5000 km/180 m.y. = 2.8 cm/yr. Uplift of White Mtns. (N.H.) Granites 8 km/150 m.y. = 1 cm/190 yr.

Some Geologic Rates Movement of San Andreas Fault 5 cm/yr = 7 m/140 yr. Growth of Mt. St. Helens 3 km/30,000 yr = 10 cm/yr. Deposition of Niagara Dolomite 100 m/ 1 m.y.? = 1 cm/100 yr.

1 Second = 1 Year 35 minutes to birth of Christ 1 hour+ to pyramids 3 hours to retreat of glaciers from Wisconsin 12 days = 1 million years 2 years to extinction of dinosaurs 14 years to age of Niagara Escarpment 31 years = 1 billion years

Were The Dinosaurs Failures? Dinosaurs: 150,000,000 years Recorded History: 5000 years For every year of recorded history, the dinosaurs had 30,000 years For every day of recorded history, the dinosaurs had 82 years For every minute of recorded history, the dinosaurs had three weeks