Revolution Brings Reform and Terror Ch 23.2

Declaration of the Rights of Men August 1789 Document created to express revolutionary ideals “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” Citizens were guaranteed: Equal justice Freedom of speech Freedom of religion

Catholic Church Church is now controlled by the state WHY? Helped the economy to sell their land Upset the Catholic peasants Believed the Pope should be in charge of the Church

The Not-So-Great Escape June 1791 Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette & family tried to escape to Austrian territory Caught at border by guard who recognized them – How???

Limited Monarchy Louis XVI reluctantly signs constitution limiting his power Form Legislative Assembly Power to declare laws and approve or reject declarations of war

Division on Issues Disagreements among National Assembly members regarding food shortages and the national debt Caused Legislative Assembly into 3 general groups

Factions of Legislative Assembly Radicals (left)  wanted complete change Moderates (middle)  wanted some change Conservatives (right)  wanted few changes

War With Austria April 1792 Austria demanded Louis XVI get full power back France overpowered by Austria in beginning Scared Parisians rebelled Attacked Louis XVI’s home and captured entire family Royal family held in prison

Legislative Assembly Reaction Write a new constitution No monarch Done to pacify people of Paris

Jacobins  A radical group that wanted to remove the king & establish a republic January 21, 1793: King Louis XVI executed by the guillotine

Maximilien Robespierre Took over power in France Created the Committee of Public Safety Tried and convicted people against France (guillotine)

Reign of Terror July 1793 to July 1794 Robespierre ruled as a dictator Executed Marie Antoinette Many opposed him and started rebellions

Enemies of the Revolution Anyone who challenged/criticized Robespierre Sentenced to death on weakest of charges Killed thousands Tried in the morning, guillotined in the afternoon

End of Terror July 1794 Members of National Assembly turn on Robespierre Afraid for own lives July 28, 1794 Robespierre sent to guillotine

The Directory The new legislative/executive body in France (#3) Made of moderates; 5 men Govt. in control of upper middle class Named Napoleon Bonaparte as leader of French armies