The Age of Warring States 1467-1573 Sengoku Jidai The Age of Warring States 1467-1573

Shoguns, Too, Lose Power Kamakura shogunate overthrown – rivalries! Two rival emperors New shogun clan, Ashikaga, unable to to be supreme ruler Onin War 1467 Ashikaga shoguns lose control “After the major battles the streets were choked with corpses , and cartloads of severed heads were collected as trophies.” “Of the 142 daimyo families ruling in 1543, only 45 still held their position 30 years later.”

Ge Koku Jo “Those Below Subjugating Those Above” Three Shoguns Re-Unify Japan

Oda Nobunaga 1534-1582 Leader of central province, Owari Unified 32 of 66 provinces under his control Brilliant military leader Surprise attacks, firearms Ruthless to enemies Buddhist temples and priests burned and destroyed Trapped by traitor in 1582 and committed seppukku before reunification was completed

Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1536-1598 Son of a peasant Became ruler of all of Japan “ge koku jo” Chief general of eastern Nobunaga army Killed Nobunaga’s traitor, resumed quest to unify Japan’s daimyo More diplomatic, negotiated Took 8 years to bring all 66 under a feudal agreement Tokugawa Ieyasu agreed to trade Kanto province for Kyoto

Tokugawa Ieyasu 1603 Powerful daimyo under Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of most trusted generals! Supposed to let son of TH inherit, declared war instead! 5 years of ruthless fighting later = Tokugawa Ieyasu controls all 66 daimyo of Japan, moves capital to Tokyo. Eliminated Christianity, closed Japan to travel or trade, and made a 4-level social order

Bushido The Way of the Warrior The Era of Samurai Peace 1603-1868

Daimyo and Samurai Went from fighting to working as officials for the Bakufu Developed Bushido Code: stressed simplicity and total loyalty* Daimyo ruled from castles as local governors, lower daimyo reported to them (mayors?) lesser samurai lived there reinforced law (police?)

Peasants/Merchants & Towns Castles had towns grow around them Attracted people like artisans and merchants Twons also grew along roads connecting towns Merchants became really rich Samurai eventually supplanted by merchants!