Interaction between zonal populations of articular chondrocytes suppresses chondrocyte mineralization and this process is mediated by PTHrP J. Jiang,

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Interaction between zonal populations of articular chondrocytes suppresses chondrocyte mineralization and this process is mediated by PTHrP J. Jiang, M.S., N.L. Leong, B.S., J.C. Mung, M.S., C. Hidaka, M.D., H.H. Lu, Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 70-82 (January 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014 Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Effects of T3 treatment on the ALP activities of single- and co-cultured chondrocytes derived from different cartilage zones (n=6, *:P<0.05). Minimal ALP activity was measured in the SZC and MZC groups (not shown), while ALP activity for DZC (A) exhibited a significant increase when stimulated with T3. In contrast, co-culture of DZC with SZC (B) suppressed this increase in ALP activity, and a similar response was found in the FC which consisted of chondrocytes derived from full thickness articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effects of cellular interactions on the ALP activity of T3-stimulated chondrocyte cultures (day 4, n=6, *:P<0.05). (A) T3 stimulation of DZC led to a significant increase in ALP activity over the DZC control. The co-culture of DZC with MZC also measured a significant increase in ALP activity after stimulation with T3. In contrast, co-culture of DZC with SZC under T3 stimulation did not result in a significant increase in ALP activity when compared to the un-stimulated control. (B) Histological staining corroborated the quantitative findings, as DZC stimulated with T3 (10 nM) exhibited higher staining intensity for ALP when compared to DZC control, while no difference was observed between the stimulated and un-stimulated co-cultured groups. (Fast Blue stain, day 4). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effects of cellular interactions on mineralization (n=5, *:P<0.05). (A) Calcium deposition in the DZC cultures stimulated with T3 increased significantly at day 7 compared to DZC control, while no such increase was found in co-culture regardless of T3 stimulation. (B) Histological staining for mineralization corroborated the quantitative findings (Alizarin Red-S, day 8). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of conditioned media treatment on the ALP activity of DZC cultures (day 4, n=6, *:P<0.05). Addition of the DZC-conditioned media resulted in a significant increase in DZC ALP activity, while no such increase was found in DZC cultures treated with conditioned media from either the co-cultured (SZC+DZC) or SZC-only groups. (→ indicate addition of conditioned media). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effects of cellular interactions on the relative gene expression of PTHrP (day 4, n=3, *:P<0.05). Gene expression for PTHrP increased significantly when DZC was co-cultured with SZC. The co-culture of DZC with MZC did not increase PTHrP gene expression. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Effects of PTHrP on the ALP activity of T3-stimulated DZC cultures (day 4, n=4, *:P<0.05). (A) All samples treated with PTHrP measured a similar ALP activity level as the non-stimulated DZC control. (B) Fast Blue staining confirmed that treating DZC cultures with PTHrP (50nM) prevented the increase in ALP activity normally associated with T3 stimulation (10nM, day 4). This regulatory effect of PTHrP is similar to that found when DZC is co-cultured with SZC. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Effects of PTHrP treatment on the relative gene expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers (day 4, P<0.05, n=6). Treatment with PTHrP suppressed the gene expression of Ihh, type X collagen, MMP13 and ALP. All gene expressions were normalized to expression of the housekeeping gene β-actin. *: Significantly higher than 0nM T3, 0nM T3 w/PTHrP, 10nM T3 w/PTHrP, and 100nM T3 w/PTHrP. **: Significantly lower than 0nM T3, 10nM T3, 100nM T3, and 100nM T3 w/PTHrP. #: Significantly higher than 0nM T3, 0nM T3 w/PTHrP and 10nM T3 w/PTHrP. ж: Significantly lower than 10nM T3, 100nM T3, 10nM T3 w/PTHrP, and 100nM T3 w/PTHrP. : Significantly higher than 0nM T3, 0nM T3 w/PTHrP, 10nM w/PTHrP, and 100nM w/PTHrP. : Significantly lower than 10nM T3, 100nM T3, 10nM T3 w/PTHrP, and 100nM T3 w/PTHrP. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Effects of PTHrP antagonist on the ALP activity of T3-stimulated SZC+DZC co-culture (day 4, n=6, *:P<0.05). In the presence of T3 (50nM), blocking of PTHrP with PTH(7-34) in SZC+DZC co-culture inhibited the suppressive effect of SZC on DZC mineralization potential. Samples treated with 1000nM of PTHrP antagonist and 50nM T3 measured significantly higher ALP activity compared to all other groups. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Effects of cellular interactions on DZC ALP activity in a 3-D co-culture model (n=6,*:P<0.05). In the 3-D model, DZCs were first encapsulated in a hydrogel and then co-cultured with a monolayer of SZCs. An acellular hydrogel disc separated the DZC disc from the SZC monolayer. As in the 2-D co-culture models, SZC–DZC co-culture decreased the ALP activity of DZC embedded in the hydrogel. A significant decrease in DZC ALP activity was found in co-culture when compared to the DZC-only group at day 7. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 70-82DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.05.014) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions