Volume 54, Issue 4, Pages 740-764 (October 2008) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Antimuscarinic Drugs for Overactive Bladder  Giacomo Novara, Antonio Galfano, Silvia Secco, Carolina D'Elia, Stefano Cavalleri, Vincenzo Ficarra, Walter Artibani  European Urology  Volume 54, Issue 4, Pages 740-764 (October 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.080 Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Flow-chart of meta-analysis. RCTs, randomized control trials, OAB, overactive bladder. European Urology 2008 54, 740-764DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.080) Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Forest plots of adverse events after immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) oxybutynin. (A) Occurrence of any adverse event; (B) dry mouth; (C) moderate-to-severe or severe dry mouth. OAB, overactive bladder; n, number of patients with the observed event; N, number of patients in the study arm; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. European Urology 2008 54, 740-764DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.080) Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Forest plots of efficacy and safety after tolterodine immediate release (IR) and tolterodine extended release (ER). (A) Micturitions per 24h; (B) volume voided per micturition; (C) dry mouth; (D) headache. OAB, overactive bladder; N, number of patients in the study arm; SD, standard deviation; WMD, weighted-mean difference; CI, confidence interval. European Urology 2008 54, 740-764DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.080) Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Forest plots of adverse events after different dosages of darifenacin (Dari). Darifenacin 7.5mg versus darifenacin 15mg: (A) Occurrence of any adverse event; (B) withdrawals due to adverse events; (C) dry mouth; (D) constipation. Darifenacin 15mg versus darifenacin 30mg: (E) dry mouth; (F) constipation. OAB, overactive bladder; n, number of patients with the observed event; N, number of patients in the study arm; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. European Urology 2008 54, 740-764DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.080) Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Forest plots of adverse events after oxybutynin immediate release (IR) or tolterodine IR. (A) Occurrence of any adverse event; (B) withdrawals due to adverse events; (C) dry mouth of any severity; (D) moderate to severe or severe dry mouth. OAB, overactive bladder; n, number of patients with the observed event; N, number of patients in the study arm; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. European Urology 2008 54, 740-764DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.080) Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Forest plots of adverse events after oral and transdermal formulations of anticholinergic drugs. (A) Localized application site reactions; (B) withdrawal due to adverse events; (C) dry mouth of any severity; (D) constipation. OAB, overactive bladder; n, number of patients with the observed event; N, number of patients in the study arm; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. European Urology 2008 54, 740-764DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2008.06.080) Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions