Being a Leader HPR 450 Chapter 7

Table 7-1 Developing Closeness by Achieving Trust Communicating clearly in a way a layperson can understand Keeping promises Protecting confidentiality Avoiding negative communications (e.g. blocking, false reassurance) Being available to the client

Figure 7-1 Factors Influencing Choices of Leadership Style (ability and personality) Client (needs and characteristics) Environment (situation and setting)

Figure 7-2 Continuum of Leadership Styles Autocratic Democratic Laissez-faire (Leader centered) (Client centered) Dependency Independence

Table 7-2 Advantages of Therapeutic Recreation Groups Advantages for Clients: Group identity Socialization Empathetic understanding Social support Hope Control Vicarious learning Modeling coping Role-Modeling Practice new behaviors Feedback Share thoughts Self-confidence Give and take Transcendence Validation Self-awareness Helping others Recreation skills Cost savings

Table 7-2 Advantages of Therapeutic Recreation Groups Advantages for Group Leaders: Cost savings Provide added support Resources of the group Stimulating

Stages of Group Development Forming- anxiety for members; leader must develop trust 2. Storming - hostility toward leader or other members may occur; leader assists members in working through this phase 3. Norming- “we stage”; cohesion 4. Performing- members become functional; performance and productivity

Table 7-3 Guidelines for Giving Feedback Be sensitive Do not “avalanche” Do not overpraise the group Try not to punish, preach, or judge Feedback should be immediate Use confrontive feedback carefully Act as a role model for giving and receiving feedback.

Processing Techniques No Loading Frontloading (aka: framing, briefing, prebriefing) Feedback (including stop-action & reframing) Metaphors Debriefing

General Frameworks for Debriefing What? So What? Now What? The 5 Question Model Experiential Learning Model

What? So What? Now What? Model What Phase - review of what happened So What Phase - Express what they have learned Now What Phase - what they will do with learning

The “5 Question Model” Did you notice…? Why did that happen? Does that happen in life? Why does that happen? How can you use that?

The “Experimental Learning Cycle” Experiencing - engagement Publishing - talking about what occurred Processing - interpreting why Generalizing – relating to real life Applying- how will you change based on what you learned