Flow of Energy and Matter . Flow of Energy and Matter

Food Chains and Food Webs TEKS: Readiness: 12C analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids Food Chains and Food Webs

Flow of Energy and Matter In: Where does the energy for life processes come from? Write your response on the student hand-out. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Food Chain & Food Web Simulation Follow directions Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Producers Producers Without a constant input of energy, living systems cannot function. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Producers Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Some types of organisms rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Producers Producers/Autotrophs: Capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce their food. Ex: plants, some algae, phytoplankton, and certain bacteria Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Producers Photosynthesis: Energy From the Sun Autotrophs capture solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Producers Photosynthesis is responsible for adding oxygen to—and removing carbon dioxide from—Earth's atmosphere. Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Some types of organisms rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds. Plants use the energy from sunlight to carry out the process of photosynthesis. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Consumers Consumers/Heterotrophs Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Herbivores There are many different types of heterotrophs. Herbivores eat plants. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carnivores Carnivores eat animals. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Omnivores Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Detritivores Detritivores/ Scavengers feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Decomposers Decomposers, like bacteria and fungi, break down organic matter. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Feeding Relationships How does energy flow through living systems? Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Feeding Relationships Flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers). Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Feeding Relationships Food Chains series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Feeding Relationships In some marine food chains, the producers are microscopic algae and the top carnivore is four steps removed from the producer. Small Fish Zooplankton Squid Food chains show the one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem. In this marine food chain, energy is passed from the producers (algae) to four different groups of consumers. Shark Algae Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Feeding Relationships Food Webs links all the food chains in an ecosystem together. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Feeding Relationships This food web shows some of the feeding relationships in a salt-marsh community. This illustration of a food web shows some of the feeding relationships in a salt marsh. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Feeding Relationships Trophic Levels Each step in a food chain or food web Producers – first Consumers - second, third, or higher Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for energy. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

What is Biological Magnification? Like a magnifying glass that makes things look bigger, biological magnification makes a toxin get more concentrated as it travels through a food chain. This happens when a toxin is ingested or eaten and moved up the food chain from one living thing to the next. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

What is Biological Magnification? As it moves up the food chain, the toxin gets magnified or more concentrated. This happens because when larger animals eat smaller animals or prey, they don’t just eat one or two of these animals during their lifetime, sometimes they eat thousands or millions. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

What is Biological Magnification? Not only are these animals ingesting their prey, they’re also ingesting all of their prey’s toxins! Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Predict who you think is most affected by biological magnification in this food web? Since nothing eats the killer whale, it sits at the top of the food chain. That may sound like good news for the killer whale, but it isn’t. Due to biological magnification and being at the top of the food web, it suffers most from poisons. By the time the killer whale eats the contaminated seal, it’s also eating the pesticides from thousands of contaminated fish, shellfish and plankton that were part of the seals’ and the crabeater’s food chain. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 The main source of energy for life on Earth is organic chemical compounds. inorganic chemical compounds. sunlight. producers. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 Organisms that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter are detritivores. carnivores. herbivores. autotrophs. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 How does a food web differ from a food chain? A food web contains a single series of energy transfers. A food web links many food chains together. A food web has only one trophic level. A food web shows how energy passes from producer to consumer. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Day 1 Label the food chain on the right side of your handout with the correct identifier(s). Complete Out question on student handout. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall