Properties of Acids and Bases 19.1 Properties of Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases What are the properties of acids and bases?

Properties of Acids and Bases 19.1 Properties of Acids and Bases Acids Acids taste sour Change the color of an acid-base indicator Litmus paper demonstration Universal Indicator Demonstration Strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution Strong acids/bases = strong electrolytes Weak acids/bases = weak electrolytes Light bulb demonstration

Properties of Acids and Bases 19.1 Properties of Acids and Bases Citrus fruits contain citric acid. Tea contains tannic acid. Many items contain acids or bases, or produce acids and bases when dissolved in water. a) Citrus fruits contain citric acid. b) Tea contains tannic acid. c) Antacids use bases to neutralize excess stomach acid. d) The base calcium hydroxide is a component of mortar.

Properties of Acids and Bases 19.1 Properties of Acids and Bases Bases Taste bitter Feel slippery Change the color of an acid-base indicator Strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution.

Properties of Acids and Bases 19.1 Properties of Acids and Bases Antacids use bases to neutralize excess stomach acid. The base calcium hydroxide is a component of mortar. Many items contain acids or bases, or produce acids and bases when dissolved in water. a) Citrus fruit contain citric acid. b) Tea contains tannic acid. c) Antacids use bases to neutralize excess stomach acid. d) The base calcium hydroxide is a component of mortar.

A quick Video Review of Acids and Base Characteristics Another Quick Video

Naming Acids – A Quick Overview Binary Acids Hydro then –ic Just Remember I –ate it and it was –ic I caught an –ite -ous

If the ion ends in –ate change the acid name to –ic For example Carbonate ion CO32- Carbonic acid H2CO3 Sulfate ion SO42- Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

If the ion ends in –ite change the acid name to –ous For example Nitrite ion NO2- nitrous acid HNO2 Sulfite ion SO32- Sulfurous Acid H2SO3

Naming Binary Acids HCl H2S Hydrobromic acid Hydroiodic acid

Arrhenius Acids and Bases 19.1 Arrhenius Acids and Bases Be sure to add the correct number of hydroxide groups to the metal ion If metal ion is +1 charge add 1 OH- group If metal ion is +3 charge add 3 OH- groups

Arrhenius Acids and Bases 19.1 Arrhenius Acids and Bases A common Base Milk of magnesia is a base used as an antacid. Milk of magnesia is a base used as an antacid. Bases are usually hazardous when taken internally, but the low solubility of milk of magnesia makes it safe to use.

Hydrogen Ions and Acidity 19.2 To test a diagnosis of diabetic coma, a doctor orders several tests, including the acidity of the patient’s blood. Results from this test will be expressed in units of pH. You will learn how the pH scale is used to indicate the acidity of a solution and why the pH scale is used.

Ion Product Constant for Water 19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water An acidic solution is one in which [H+] is greater than [OH-].

Ion Product Constant for Water 19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water Unrefined hydrochloric acid, commonly called muriatic acid, is used to clean stone buildings and swimming pools. Acids and bases have many uses in the home and in industry. a) Unrefined hydrochloric acid, commonly called muriatic acid, is used to clean stone buildings and swimming pools. b) Sodium hydroxide, or lye, is commonly used as a drain cleaner. Predicting How will each chemical affect the hydrogen-ion and hydroxide-ion concentration of an aqueous solution?

Ion Product Constant for Water 19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water A basic solution is one in which [H+] is less than [OH]. Basic solutions are also known as alkaline solutions.

Ion Product Constant for Water 19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water Sodium hydroxide, or lye, is commonly used as a drain cleaner. Acids and bases have many uses in the home and in industry. a) Unrefined hydrochloric acid, commonly called muriatic acid, is used to clean stone buildings and swimming pools. b) Sodium hydroxide, or lye, is commonly used as a drain cleaner. Predicting How will each chemical affect the hydrogen-ion and hydroxide-ion concentration of an aqueous solution?

19.2 The pH Concept The pH Concept How is the hydrogen-ion concentration used to classify a solution as neutral, acidic, or basic?

19.2 The pH Concept The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration.

Is the solution acidic or basic? 19.2 The pH Concept Calculating pH What is the pH of solution if the [H3O+] is 2.3 x 10-13? Is the solution acidic or basic?

Is the solution acidic or basic? 19.2 The pH Concept Calculating pH What is the pH of solution if the [H3O+] is 4.7 x 10-5? Is the solution acidic or basic?

Is the solution acidic or basic? 19.2 The pH Concept Calculating pH What is the pH of solution if the [H3O+] is 1.0 x 10-7? Is the solution acidic or basic?

19.2 The pH Concept Calculating pOH What is the pOH of a solution where [OH-] =3.4 x 10-12?

What is the pOH of a solution where [OH-] =5.3 x 10-5?

Given [OH-]…how can you find pH?

If [OH-] = 5.6 x 10-9, what is the pH?

If [OH-] = 2.3 x 10-7, what is the pH?

If [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7, what is the pH?

A game to see what you know about pH and pOH

19.2 pH scale The pH scale shows the relationship between pH and the hydrogen-ion concentration. Interpreting Diagrams What happens to [H+] as pH increases?

19.2

19.4

Neutralization Reactions 19.4 Excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach can cause heartburn and a feeling of nausea. Antacids neutralize the stomach acid and relieve the pain of acid indigestion. You will learn what a neutralization reaction is.

19.4 Acid-Base Reactions Acid-Base Reactions What are the products of the reaction of an acid with a base? A Molecular Model Simulation

Neutralization Reactions Acid + Base → Salt + Water 19.4 Acid-Base Reactions Neutralization Reactions Acid + Base → Salt + Water

19.4 Acid-Base Reactions

Predict the Products of the Following Reactions HBr + LiOH → HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 → H2SO4 + KOH →