GOOD BUDDIES ACTIVITY

Ecological Relationships “IN” QUESTION What type of relationship exists between the two animals in the cartoon? Explain your answer Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem? Photo Credit: ©Michael Fogden/DRK PHOTO Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Habitat: area where an organism lives and includes both biotic and abiotic factors. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Niche The Niche Niche: the way which an organism lives and its role in the environment Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions What interactions occur within communities? Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Competition Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources A resource is any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Competition FOOD: Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Competition SHELTER: Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Competition MATES: Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Competition SPACE/TERRITORY: Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Competition LIGHT: Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Direct competition: results in a winner and a loser—with the losing organism failing to survive. Competitive exclusion principle: no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions The distribution of these warblers avoids direct competition, because each species feeds in a different part of the tree. 18 12 Feeding height (m) Cape May Warbler Each of these warbler species has a different niche in its spruce tree habitat. By feeding in different areas of the tree, the birds avoid competing with one another for food. Bay-Breasted Warbler 6 Yellow-Rumped Warbler Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Predation An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism. Predator: organism that does the killing and eating Prey: food organism being eaten Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Community Interactions Symbiosis Any relationship in which two species live closely together. Symbiotic relationships include: mutualism commensalism parasitism Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship. “Good for me - Good for you” Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Commensalism: one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. “Good for me - Doesn’t bother you” Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Community Interactions Parasitism: one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it. “Good for me - Hurts you” Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall