a) Biological onset (inception), pre-clinical and clinical phases of the natural history of a disease. a) Biological onset (inception), pre-clinical and clinical phases of the natural history of a disease. Four different preventive strategies are also illustrated. Tx: treatment. b) Target population and goals of these four preventive strategies. Reproduced from https://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/Prevention_e.htm Alvar Agustí, and Bartolomé Celli ERJ Open Res 2017;3:00117-2017 ©2017 by European Respiratory Society