Topic: Temperature and Heat Essential Question: How does heat affect a system?

When heat is added to a system, the temperature of substances in the system increases When heat is removed from a system, temperatures decrease Substances will change state when enough heat is added to or removed from a system

Solid – definite shape and volume; particles are closely packed Liquid – definite volume but no shape of its own; particles are tightly packed but not as rigidly as a solid Gas – no definite shape or volume; particles are spread out Energy transferred as heat causes change by allowing particles in objects to vibrate faster

Thermal energy flows from the hotter object to the cooler one Thermal energy that is transferred is called heat When heat is added to a system, the thermal energy of the system increases When heat is taken from a system, the thermal energy of the system decreases

The higher the temperature of an object, the more thermal energy The more particles an object has at a given temperature, the more thermal energy it has The higher the temperature of an object, the more thermal energy Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object The warmer object will cool down and the cooler object will warm up until they are the same temperature

Convection – heat transfer that occurs only in liquids (such as water and air) Creates a circular motion called a convection current (warm air rises, cool air sinks) Conduction – heat transfer from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects Radiation – transfer of energy by EM waves; only form of heat transfer that does not require matter