Kingdom Animalia Dr. Nichols Coronado HS

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Body divided into sections/segments Exoskeleton Jointed legs Well developed nervous system Largest group of animals on earth

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ 3 subphyla: Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata is divided into 3 classes Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites Merostomata – horseshoe crabs Pycnogonida – sea spiders

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Class – Arachnida no antennae 4 pairs of legs 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Class Merostomata Horseshoe crabs Ancient group of species Changed little over 350 million years Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Class Pycnogonida Sea spider

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphyla - Crustacea 5 Classes Aquatic ones have gills 2 antennae 2 body regions or segmented Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods Many species taste delicious in butter

Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes Class Insecta (insects) Class Chilopoda (Centipedes) Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta 3 pairs of legs 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda Millipedes segmented animals Have 2 pairs of legs per segment Primarily herbivores & decomposers

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia Class Chiopoda Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores Have 1 pair of antennae Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey

~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata 5 classes Fish Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Birds

Multicellular Eukaryotic with no cell walls Heterotrophs (consumers) ~ Characteristics ~ Multicellular Eukaryotic with no cell walls Heterotrophs (consumers)

~ Characteristics ~ Have a nervous system to respond to their environment Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food Most animals develop from a zygote. A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula.

~ Developmental Characteristics ~ The gastrula is made up of three parts: Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula, grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue. Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula, develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract. Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.

~ Developmental Characteristics ~ Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are protostomes. Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are deuterostomes.

~ Body Plans ~ Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical. Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

~ Body Plans ~ An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves. An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla No backbones 95% of all animals are in this group

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ Sponges simplest form of animal life live in water Do not move around no symmetry Pores (holes) all over body 5000 species

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ Live in water Most have tentacles catch food with stinging cells gut for digesting

~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ 2 different shapes Medusa - like a jellyfish Polyp - like a hydra

~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes (Platys for short) Flatworms Flat, ribbon-like body Live in water or are parasites bilateral symmetry

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ Examples: Planaria eyespots detect light food and waste go in and out the same opening

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ Examples: Tapeworm Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ Examples: Fluke parasite Lives inside of host

~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Roundworms Round, tubular body small or microscopic bilateral symmetry have both a mouth and anus Live in water or are parasites

~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Examples: Hookworm Trichinella

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Soft bodies Hard Shells Live on land or in water Have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system. Important food source for humans

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropoda snails and slugs may have 1 shell stomach-footed - move on stomach

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves 2 shells hinged together clams, oysters, scallops and mussels

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Cephalopods squids and octopi internal mantel

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Segemented worms Body divided into segments(sections) Live in water or underground Have a nervous and circulatory system

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Class Earthworms Eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Class bristleworms

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Class leeches Parasites that feed on blood of other animals

~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ Hard, spiny skin Live in salt water Radial symmetry Name means ‘spiney skinned’ Endoskeleton

~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

Event of the Day! Largest and the Oldest Methuselah There are such living things on Earth, the oldest of which is aptly named Methuselah, a 14,800-year-old Great Basin Bristle-cone pine, located in Methuselah alley, Nevada. There was an older tree there named Prometheus but it had to be cut down in 1964, due to severe deterioration. This species of tree is thought to be the longest lived of all, but there are many other ancient varieties.

Bark but no Bite….

The bigger they are the harder they fall…. Biggest: General Sherman At 275 ft, a diameter of 25 ft, and an estimated age of 2,300 – 2,700 years, it is however among the tallest, widest and longest-lived of all trees on the planet. Weighs 1,910 tons! That’s enough wood to build 25 two story houses!

WOW!

Organism of the Day! Hagfish: Myxine glutinosa The Atlantic hagfish, scientifically known as Myxine glutinosa, is an unusual sea creature. Its body is covered with special glands that can emit a sticky slime. In fact, a single hagfish can produce enough slime at one time to fill a milk jug. This has earned it the name "slime eel", although it is really not an eel at all. A hagfish will actually "sneeze" when its own nostrils fill with slime.

The sticky details…. Hagfish slime is different that any other natural slime secretion in that it is reinforced with tiny fibers. These fibers make the slime strong and difficult to remove. It is believed that the hagfish uses this slime to protect itself from predators. It can also be used to easily produce a protective cocoon for the hagfish. It is believed that this slime can actually suffocate predators by clogging their gills if they come in contact with it. The hagfish has a trick for escaping this slime cocoon. Believe it or not, this animal can tie itself in a knot and then pass the knot down the length of its body to wipe the slime away.

COME AT ME BRO….FISH!!! Over 60 different species are known to science. There is actually some debate among researchers as to whether the hagfish is really a fish. It is more closely related to some primitive creatures such as the lampreys. Hagfish have a long, eel-like body that averages 18 inches in length, although it is believed that some of them can grow as long as 32 inches.

Long story made short….. Since local populations of hagfish tend to be quite large, as many as 15,000, it is believed that they have a low mortality rate. The Atlantic hagfish is a deep-water fish. They can be found at depths of up to 5,600 feet. They are known on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean as far north as Norway. Hagfish prefer soft sea bottoms where they can quickly bury themselves when threatened.

AWWW!!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmaal7Hf0WA

Organism of the Day! Horror/Hairy Frog: Trichobatrachus robustus The Horror Frog was discovered in 2008 and to the “horror” of scientists who studied it has an amazing technique. It has the ability to break its own bones in order to produce expendable claws.

Oh…the HORROR!!! The end result may look like a cat's claw, but the breaking and cutting mechanism is very different and unique among vertebrates. Also unique is the fact that the claw is just bone and does not have an outer coating of keratin like other claws do. It does not appear to have a muscle to pull it back inside so the team think it may passively slide back into the toe pad when its muscle relaxes. Males of the species, which grows to about 11 centimetres, also produce long hair-like strands of skin and arteries when they are hurt.

What a hairy situation… This species is roasted and eaten in Cameroon. They are hunted with long spears or machetes, apparently to avoid being hurt by their claws. The Bakossi people traditionally believed that the frogs fall from the sky and, when eaten, help childless human couples become fertile

Frogger!