THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: On to Victory, the Southern Theater

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Presentation transcript:

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: On to Victory, the Southern Theater

British Strategies How did England plan for victory? Quell the rebellion in Boston (fail) Seize New York and isolate New England (fail) Seize Philadelphia (failed to take the countryside) Seize and control the South and establish British rule there Is there a pattern to British strategy?

Help is on the way… Following the Colonial victory at Saratoga, NY: France declares war on England (1778) Spain declares war on England (1779) The Netherlands declares war on England (1780) How does this change British military strategy?

Victory On Land & Sea War at Sea The Navy State Navies Privately chartered vessels Privateers—most effective Continental Navy—least effective -Also, the powerful French Navy will assist the colonies - New technology—the Turtle * first submarine used in combat John Paul Jones

The Turtle—designed by Yale student David Bushnell.

JOHN PAUL JONES

JONES’ CRUISES—psychologically damaging to the British war effort

Britain’s Southern Strategy

Victory Britain's Southern Strategy 1. The Plan--isolate and control the South, a Loyalist stronghold 2. The Battle of Camden 3. Battle of the Cowpens 4. Battle of Guilford Courthouse 5. Battle of Yorktown

LORD CORNWALLIS

Battle of Camden

Britain’s Southern Strategy

After Camden Camden was the bloodiest battle for the Colonials—over 1,000 killed Gates replaced by Nathaniel Greene Tarleton heads north: rape, pillage and plunder Upsets Americans, including many Loyalists Turns many Loyalists to Patriot cause What was Gates’ mistake in the battle?

BATTLE OF THE COWPENS

BATTLE OF THE COWPENS

DANIEL MORGAN

Victory Battle of Guilford Court House * Though it is a loss for the Continental Army, heavy British casualties force Cornwallis out of the Carolinas ** Corn. Heads to Yorktown

CORNWALLIS & GREENE

Battle of Guilford Court House

Guilford Courthouse What went wrong? Can you lose a battle and still win? Can you win a battle and still lose? Despite winning the battle, Cornwallis abandons the Carolinas. How did this hurt British chances of success?

Cornwallis Moves to Yorktown

BATTLE OF YORKTOWN

Victory/Outcomes The A.R. was seen as a war for freedom * Independence for the U.S. The A.R. bankrupted France, which led to the French Revolution The A.R. (with citizen soldiers) changed the fabric of society and the relationship between citizen and state. War becomes more deadly (A.R. second bloodiest war in U.S. history)