What FOUR components do ALL cells have? Cytoplasm DNA Cell Membrane Ribosomes

What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic: NO Nucleus, NO Membrane Bound Organelles, Simple structure Eukaryotic: HAS a nucleus, has membrane bound organelles, complex structures

You know an organism is Prokaryotic if it lacks a… NUCLEUS (Nuclei)

Describe the shape of DNA in… eukaryotic cells…? prokaryotic cells…? Eukaryotic Cells: Linear located inside the nucleus Prokaryotic Cells: Circular shape located in the cytoplasm

Why can prokaryotic cells divide (reproduce) faster than Eukaryotic cells? Because Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex (have membrane bound organelles)

What does the endosymbiotic theory state? Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells when a bacteria cell engulfed (ate) another prokaryotic cell

What does semipermeable mean? Allowing certain substances to enter or leave the cell ***Can also be written as selectively permeable***

Which type of cells have a cell membrane? BOTH Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

What are the two functions of the cell membrane? Regulates what goes in and out of the cell Protects the cell

Name some components of a cell membrane… Phospholipid Bilayer Proteins Cholesterol Carbohydrates

What is an example of a solute? Sugar and Salt

What is an example of a solvent? Water

What is the function of the cytoplasm? The jelly-like fluid that suspends cellular structures in place

Which direction will the water move in this diagram? What will happen to the shape of the cell? 40% solute 60% solute Water will move INTO the cell and it will swell (get bigger)

What is Passive Transport? (3 things) 1.Movement of Molecules from high to low concentration, 2. Moves with the concentration gradient 3. Requires no energy

What are the THREE types of passive transport? Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis

Define Diffusion What types of molecules would move this way? Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations Small Molecules Ex: Gases (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide)

Large Molecules Ex: Glucose Define Facilitated Diffusion What type of molecules would move this way? Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations utilizing a channel protein Large Molecules Ex: Glucose

Define Osmosis What are the ONLY molecules that move this way? Movement of WATER from high to low concentrations ONLY WATER

They are smaller in size Why are some molecules able to pass thru the cell membrane more quickly? They are smaller in size

What is active transport? (3 things) Movement of molecules from low to high concentration Moves against the concentration gradient REQUIRES ENERGY

What are the three types of active transport? Protein Pumps Ex: Sodium (Na) and Potassium(K) Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis

Molecules will move across the membrane in BOTH directions What happens when the concentration of molecules is the same on both sides? Molecules will move across the membrane in BOTH directions

taking bulky material into a cell “cell eating” Define Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell “cell eating”

Define Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell in bulk Hormones or wastes released (exiting) from cell