Nutrition and Food Safety Chapter 8 Nutrition and Food Safety Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.1 Reported pellagra deaths, by gender and year, USA, 1920–1960. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Achievements in Public Health, 1900–1999: safer and healthier foods. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48:905–13. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4840a1.htm [Accessed 28 November 2013]. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.2 Trends in child and adolescent overweight, USA, 1971–2010. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, United States, 1971–2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_child_09_10/obesity_child_09_10.pdf [Accessed 28 April 2013]. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.3 The Harvard Healthy Eating Plate. Source: The Healthy Eating Plate: Copyright © 2011 Harvard University. For more information about The Healthy Eating Plate, please see The Nutrition Source, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health. Available at: http://www.thenutritionsource.org and Harvard Health Publications, health.harvard.edu [Accessed 21 April 2013]; with permission. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.4 Decline in neural tube defects in Canada before and following fortification of flour with folic acid. Source: De Wals P, Fassiatou-Tairou F, Van Allen MI, Uh SH, Lowry B, Sibbald B, et al. Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada. N Engl J Med 2007;357:135–42; with permission. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.5 Growth of genetically engineered crops in the USA, 1996–2010. Note: HT = Herbicide-tolerant, Bt = Bacillus thuringiensis Source: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Recent trends in GE adoption [posted 5 July 2012]. Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption.aspx#.UpirQ8RDt8E [Accessed 29 November 2013]. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.6 Standard growth curve (WHO), boys age 0–24 months, length-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1 November 2009. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/who/grchrt_boys_24lw_9210.pdf [Accessed 19 April 2013]. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.7 Recommended growth curve, body mass index percentiles, girls age 2–19 years. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c022.pdf [Accessed 29 November 2013]. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 8.8 Factors in the nutritional health of a population. Note: BMI = body mass index; NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.