Geo Day 24

Who were the 4 major Orishas and what were they the god of? Starter Who were the 4 major Orishas and what were they the god of?

African Civilizations

The Noks: 3500BCE – 1000BCE Earliest known established culture of West Africa region Lived in modern day Nigeria Disappeared, no one knows why

Kingdom of Ghana Djenné-Djeno (Jen-ay-jeno) Region south of the Sahel Desert Djenné-Djeno (Jen-ay-jeno) Large city dating back to 250 BCE Oldest known city in Sub- Saharan Africa 50,000 people living in the city

Zimbabwe Southern Africa Zimbabwe = ‘stone houses’ Country is named as massive structure called “The Great Zimbabwe” Spans over 1800 acres

Kingdom of Aksum (Axum): 100CE – 940CE Located in the Horn of Africa in modern Ethiopia Founded by a son of King Solomon and Queen of Sheba Could have existed earlier, but first mentioned by the Greeks in 100 CE Focused its efforts on trading between Europe, Africa, and Asia

To what continents or countries did Aksum’s trade routes give it access? Why was Aksum able to become a major trading center?

What did they trade? From Africa From Asia From Europe Salt Gold Animal Skins From Asia Spices Rice From Europe Cloth Wine Glass Iron/Copper

Aksumite Innovations 1st African written language outside of Egypt 1st African empire to mint coins Created new methods of agriculture 1st African empire to use terrace farming 1st African empire to use canals for irrigation

Terrace farming or step farming: This method of farming uses "steps" that are built into the side of a mountain or hill. On each level, various crops are planted. When it rains, instead of washing away all of the nutrients in the soil, the nutrients are carried down to the next level. 

International Culture in Aksum Migration (Trading) in Aksum blends cultures together Cosmopolitan = Culturally diverse urban center Adulis, the capital city, was the New York of its time

Aksum Converts to Christianity King Ezana’s teacher growing up was a Christian slave King Ezana converts to Christianity and makes it the official religion The first and oldest Christian country Ethiopia

The Fall of Aksum Land around Aksum was conquered by Islamic Invaders Originally protected by Islam because Aksum protected Muhammad’s family Aksum lost its access to the Red Sea Without the trade, the Aksum Empire fell Aksumites moved to the mountains and created Ethiopia

Africa DBQ

1.5-2 pg Google Doc Essay How can we turn this into a question? How can you answer the question? (This is your claim or thesis) Come up with 3 arguments that support your claim Introduce claim and 3 arguments in intro paragraph In separate paragraphs for each, provide your evidence (direct quotes) for each argument. Once you have provided evidence, then explain how it relates to your argument, why that argument is important, and how it ties back to your thesis. Finish with a conclusion paragraph. In conclusion Restate claim and 3 arguments.

Name Class Date Title This is me writing an intro paragraph and then eventually writing separate argument paragraphs and finishing with a thesis. The body of the paper should be double- spaced. To cite articles you will talk about an example like how Al-Bakri says, “The court of appeal is held in a domed pavilion” (Doc 2). Then do not forget to explain why the quote and the argument is important.