CRCT 2nd Qtr. Review

What are the two types of crust found on Earth’s surface?

Continental and oceanic

Continental crust is made mostly of what type of rock?

Granite (igneous)

Oceanic crust is made mostly of what type of rock?

Basalt (igneous)

What are the four main layers of the Earth?

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Which layer is the hottest?

Inner core

Which layer is the coolest?

Crust

Which layer is the densest?

Inner core

Which layer is the thinnest

Crust

As you descend to the center of the Earth, what happens to temperature and density?

They increase

What are the three types of heat transfer?

Radiation, conduction, convection

Heat transfer through space is called what?

Radiation

Heat transfer by touching is called what?

Conduction

Heat transfer through heated fluids is called what?

Convection

What are the three types of evidence that supports continental drift.

Landforms, fossils, climate change

What causes lithospheric plates to move?

Convection currents in the asthenosphere

What two things discovered, explained how continents move?

Sea-floor spreading, subduction at Deep ocean trenches

Since the sea floor is spreading is the Earth getting larger?

No

Which ocean is getting larger?

Atlantic

Why is the Atlantic Ocean getting larger?

Lots of MORs and Less subduction zones

Which ocean is getting smaller?

Pacific

Why is the Pacific Ocean getting smaller?

Lots of subduction zones

What is the largest mountain range on Earth called?

Mid-Ocean Ridge

At the Mid-Ocean Ridge molten material erupts and spreads out At the Mid-Ocean Ridge molten material erupts and spreads out. It pushes away old rock and continually adds new material. What is this an example of?

Sea-Floor Spreading

A deep under water canyon where subduction occurs is called a what?

Deep Ocean trench

What is it called when the ocean floor sinks beneath other crust and back into the mantle?

Subduction

What are the three types of stresses?

Tension, compression, shearing

What stress pulls on crust?

Tension (arrows point outward)

What stress squeezes rock?

Compression (arrows pointing inward)

What stress pushes rock in opposite directions?

Shearing (arrows in opposite directions)

What type of plate boundary moves away from each other?

Divergent

What type of plate boundary moves toward each other?

Convergent

What type of plate boundary moves side by side?

Transform

Why are there so many earthquakes and volcanoes in the Ring of Fire?

Many subduction zones

The shaking from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface is called what?

Earthquake

A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface is called a what?

Volcano

What are the two types of weathering?

Mechanical and chemical

The type of weathering that breaks down rock physically is called what?

Mechanical

The type of weathering that breaks down rock chemically is called what?

Chemical

What is it called when rock and soil are moved by water, wind, ice, or gravity?

Erosion

What is it called when sediment settles out and is dropped in a new location?

Deposition

What are some human activities that can cause erosion?

Clearing land, plowing fields, mining, etc.

What are some ways we can prevent erosion?

Re-plant, contour plowing, crop rotation, terracing

The mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and matter is called what?

Soil

What is the layer of soil from top to bottom?

Horizon A (topsoil), Horizon B (subsoil), Horizon C (partly weathered rock), Bedrock