Why Writing is Important Francis Bacon once said, “reading make a full man; conference a ready man; but writing an exact man”

Reasons for Not Writing Difficulty knowing where to start Not knowing how to start Anxiety about writing skills Lack of confidence

What is an Abstract An abstract is a very concise statement of the major elements of your research project. It states the purpose, methods, and findings of your research project. An abstract is a condensed version of a full scientific paper.

Identify Your Topic First thing is to identify what are you planning to write Clinical Vignette Abstract Case report Case series Research Do a background Research

Four C's of Abstract Writing Complete — it covers the major parts of the project/case Concise — it contains no excess wordiness or unnecessary information. Clear — it is readable, well organized, and not too jargon-laden. Cohesive — it flows smoothly between the parts.

Research Abstract Suggested format Title and Author Information Introduction Methods Results Conclusions

Not the End of Work Poster presentation: Not the end of work Intermediate stage in a yet unfinished project Plan to write full manuscript ASAP Choose Proper Journal for the case report Read and follow the “Guidelines for Authors” of the target journal. Set Goals Set Deadlines for yourself Shoot for the Moon

Why Abstracts Not Accepted Most common deficiencies encountered (in order of frequency): Poor presentation Weak discussion Lack of originality Poor methods Inappropriate statistical analysis Inadequate results

How to Improve Writing is an art, you can learn Read published manuscript and abstract carefully in major journals and focus on detail Practice; practice; practice Get help from your mentors and colleagues Attend classes in writing skills/read books

Some Writing Tips Active voice is preferable to passive voice “We studied 15 patients with ARDS.” is much better than “Fifteen patients with ARDS were studied.” Always use the full term before you refer to it by acronym [for example, Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT)] Write only one thought per sentence. Eliminate unnecessary words Ensure that verb tenses are consistent and correct

Closing Thoughts Scholarly activities and Publications are a required part of residency training Very Important for residents pursuing academic career Important for academic advancement Faraday once said, “Work; finish; publish”