Intro to ethics in science

Natural World

Curiosity

Religion

SCIENCE “All of science is nothing more than the refinement of everyday thinking.” Albert Einstein

Natural Science Biology: Life science Chemistry Physical science Physics Mathematics

Biology Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, “life"; and λόγος, logos, "speech" lit. "to talk about life"), is the scientific study of life. Biology examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living things. It classifies and describes organisms, their functions, how species come into existence, and the interactions they have with each other and with the natural environment.

Chemistry

Physics Aristotle and motion 4 elements earth wind fire water

Mathematics The language of science

Scientific Notation

Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Experimentation Result Reject Theory

Technology Applied science

Morals and Ethics “We have to do the best we are capable of. This is our sacred human responsibility.” Albert Einstein

Nuclear Power The 1945 atomic bomb in the Japanese city of Hiroshima, one of the only times that nuclear weapons were used in warfare, instantly killed 100,000 people and injured thousands more, with the majority of its victims being civilians .

Bioethics Organ Donation Experiments Eugenics Confinement Abortion Euthanasia Cloning In Vitro

Four Bioethical Principles The four bioethical principles have been described as: Autonomy - respect for the individual and their ability to make decisions with regard to their own health and future. Actions that enhance autonomy are thought of as desirable and actions that 'dwarf' an individual and their autonomy are undesirable. Beneficence - actions intended to benefit the patient or others Non-maleficence - actions intended not to harm or bring harm to the patient and others Justice being fair or just to the wider community in terms of the consequences of an action

Organ Donation Living person: - kidney part of liver bone marrow Deceased person heart skin kidney bones liver corneas pancreas heart valves lung

Experiments Eugenics Animal rights - confinement, cruelty, torture

Abortion Pro life When is a fetus ‘human’? Woman’s rights vs. Baby’s rights

ABORTION

In Vitro Fertilization Eugenics – hereditary birth defects

Euthanasia Euthanasia (from the Greek: εὐθανασία meaning "good death": εὖ, eu (well or good) + θάνατος, thanatos (death)) refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering.

Cloning Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms.

Genetic Engineering A genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically engineered organism (GEO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Transgenics is the practice of transplanting genes from one species to another, thus creating genetic hybrids that can develop characteristics of both species. Consider what is happening with genetics. For instance, the oncomouse is the first patented transgenic lab mouse, engineered to have a human immune system for the purpose of oncology research. Back in 1997, a rather bizarre photograph suddenly became very famous. It showed a totally hairless mouse, with what appeared to be a human ear growing out of its back. That photograph prompted a wave of protest against genetic engineering, which continues today.

Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint

Cyborgs A cyborg, short for "cybernetic organism", is a being with both biological and artificial (e.g. electronic, mechanical or robotic) parts.