Toonetics

Lab instructions These two cartoon parents are going to produce 4 new characters. Both parents contain a dominant and recessive alele for each gene.

Chromosomes These cartoons have a chromosome number of 10. #1 S H G Heads #1 s h g Tails #3 N E b D Heads #3 n e B d Tails These cartoons have a chromosome number of 10. 2 pairs of 5 different chromosomes. Each new character will receive 1 of each pair from each parent. #2 c a G Heads #2 C A g Tails #4 M F A d Heads #4 m f a D Tails Sex X V Heads Sex Y No gene for V Tails

Chromosome 1 Chromosome 1 contains 3 genes #1 S H G Heads #1 s h g Tails Chromosome 1 contains 3 genes Ss is the gene for square or round head H, h represent different hair types Gg is one of 2 genes for skin color Chromosome 1

Chromosome 2 Chromosome 2 contains 3 genes #2 c a G Heads #2 C A g Tails Chromosome 2 contains 3 genes Cc is the gene for chin shape Aa is one of 2 genes for eye color Gg is one of 2 genes for skin color Chromosome 2

Chromosome 3 Chromosome 3 contains 4 genes #3 N E b D Heads #3 n e B d Tails Chromosome 3 contains 4 genes Nn is the gene for nose size Ee represent different eye shapes Bb is for different eyebrows Chromosome 3

Chromosome 4 Chromosome 4 contains 4 genes Mm is the gene for mouth size Ff gene for Freckles Aa is one of the genes for eye color Dd is one of two genes for hair color #4 M F A d Heads #4 m f a D Tails Chromosome 4

Sex Chromosome Female Sex X V Heads Sex X v Heads The sex chromosomes determine whether the character is male (XY) or female (XX) V is the pointy ear (Vulcan) gene Male Sex X V Heads Sex Y No gene for V Tails

#1 S H G Heads #1 s h g Tails Creating Gametes #1 S H G Heads #1 s h g Tails #2 c a G Heads #2 C A g Tails Each parent will flip a coin to select one chromosome from each pair to pass on to the new character #2 c a G Heads #2 C A g Tails #3 N E b D Heads #3 n e B d Tails #3 N E b D Heads #3 n e B d Tails #4 M F A d Heads #4 m f a D Tails #4 M F A d Heads #4 m f a D Tails Sex X V Heads Sex X v Tails Sex X V Heads Sex Y No gene for V Tails

Mother Egg Sperm Father #1 S H G Heads #1 s h g Tails #1 S H G Heads #2 c a G Heads #2 C A g Tails #2 c a G Heads #2 C A g Tails #3 N E b D Heads #3 n e B d Tails #3 N E b D Heads #3 n e B d Tails #4 M F A d Heads #4 m f a D Tails #4 M F A d Heads #4 m f a D Tails Sex X V Heads Sex X v Tails Sex X V Heads Sex Y No gene for V Tails

XX/XY Y S Ss H Hh C Cc N nn E ee B BB M MM F FF V v- A Aa AA D dd dd G Gg gG

Male Y Ss Hh Cc nn Small ee BB MM FF V- Aa AA dd dd Gg gG

Male Y Ss Hh Cc nn Small ee BB MM FF V- Aa AA Brown dd dd Red Gg gG Tan

Male Y Ss Hh Cc nn Small ee BB MM FF v- Aa AA Brown dd dd Red Gg gG Tan

Male Y Ss Hh Cc nn Small ee BB MM FF v- Aa AA Brown dd dd Red Gg gG Tan

Males Females Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________ 30 Predicted ________ 30 Actual ________ 27 Actual ________ 33

Predicted ________ 45 Predicted ________ 15

Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________ Actual ________ 45 Predicted ________ 15 Actual ________ 43 Actual ________ 17

20 7 ________ Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________

20 7 19 8 ________ Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________ Actual ________

45 15 Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________

45 15 46 14 Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________

Sex Chromosome Female Sex X V Heads Sex X v Heads The sex chromosomes determine whether the character is male (XY) or female (XX) V is the pointy ear (Vulcan) gene Male Sex X V Heads Sex Y No gene for V Tails

Sex Chromosome Female Sex X V Heads Sex X v Heads The sex chromosomes determine whether the character is male (XY) or female (XX) V is the pointy ear (Vulcan) gene Male Sex X V Heads Sex Y No gene for V Tails

Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________ Actual ________

Easier Way to do multiple traits x Do a separate Punnett Square for each trait Rr x Rr Yy x Yy Y y R r RR Rr Y YY Yy R y Rr rr Yy yy r 3/4 Round 1/4 wrinkled 3/4 Yellow 1/4 green

Easier Way to do multiple traits x 3/4 Round 1/4 wrinkled 3/4 Yellow 1/4 green Muliply the probabilities of each trait Round and Yellow = ¾ x ¾ = 9/16 Round and Green = ¾ x ¼ = 3/16 Wrinkled and Yellow = ¼ x ¾ = 3/16 Wrinkled and Green = ¼ x ¼ = 1/16 Easier Way to do multiple traits

15 5 5 2 Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________ Actual ________ Actual ________ Actual ________

15 5 5 2 19 8 Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Predicted ________ Actual ________ Actual ________ Actual ________ Actual ________ #1 S H G Heads #1 s h g Tails