Community RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (DCE3411) Associate Prof. Dr. Roziah Mohd Rasdi Dept. of Professional Development & Continuing Education Faculty of Educational Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia roziah_m@upm.edu.my

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Objectives of Situational Analysis What is the profile of the community? What is the problem of the community? What is the suitable program for the community?

What is your role (as an outsider and planner) in the program? Who should be involved as the Working Committee of the program? What is the goal of the proposed CD program?

Profile of community Community structure in terms of history, and general backgrounds such as total population Demographic characteristics such as population groups according to age, ethnicity and gender Social structure e.g. social institutions / organization, leadership, education

Economic status, such as occupation, trade and commerce activities Rural setting, agriculture setting, production and resource use The availability of various types of resources (infrastructure, natural, human, mobilizable resources, and assets of community) After knowing the profile, problems and needs are identified

Based on problems and needs, program is planned in order to overcome the problem and to fulfill community’s needs If there are many problems, the solutions should be based on prioritization One way to do prioritization is based on needs theory of Maslow, in which problems that are related to basic needs (foods, shelter, clothing, health, income and education) should be tackled first

Formation of Working Committee Comprises representatives from the organizing institution, sponsor, subject-matter specialist, researcher, community leaders, and target groups Goals of Working Committee To plan activities and directions To divide tasks according to specialization To get legitimization from the various sections of the community

To have cohesive decision making about the program To ensure meaningful participation To have cohesive decision making about the program To ensure success of the program because working group provides leadership E.g. : Working Committee of a health program consists of: Doctors, district medical officer, specialist, nurses, researcher, VDSC members, and several individuals from the community, and business representatives

What is community need? Need is the strategy (process) how to overcome community’s problem There are 4 ways to understand community’s needs: Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs i.e. basic needs must be approached first

Normative need: Standards (e.g. income RM2000/month) Gap – normative need Existing (e.g.income RM1000/month)

Process of CD (informal education) is iii. Unfelt need Felt need (unrecognized (community needs due to is aware of ignorance or the necessity) low education) Process of CD (informal education) is responsible to transform unfelt to felt need

By comparing the characteristics of two groups of community A B Comparative need By comparing the characteristics of two groups of community A B Classified as Classified as having higher SES having lower SES (more advanced) (less advanced) Therefore, community B needs similar CD services e.g. receiving services e.g. not receiving services