Enzyme Action Learning objective: to describe different models for

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Enzyme Action Learning objective: to describe different models for enzyme action and to investigate factors which control the rate of an enzyme reaction.

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Enzyme Action Learning objective: to describe different models for enzyme action and to investigate factors which control the rate of an enzyme reaction

Lock and Key

Induced Fit

Enzyme reactions enzyme + substrate enzyme-substrate complex

Enzyme reactions enzyme + substrate enzyme-substrate complex E +S ES

Enzyme reactions enzyme + substrate enzyme-substrate complex E +S ES enzyme + product enzyme-substrate complex ES E +P

How fast an enzyme is working Enzyme activity How fast an enzyme is working Rate of Reaction

How fast an enzyme is working Enzyme activity How fast an enzyme is working Rate of Reaction Rate of Reaction = Amount of substrate changed (or amount product formed) in a given period of time.

Enzyme activity Rate of Reaction Variable you are looking at

Enzyme activity Four Variables

Enzyme activity Temperature pH Enzyme Concentration Four Variables Enzyme Concentration Substrate Concentration

Temperature Rate of Reaction

Temperature Rate of Reaction 10 20 30 40 50 60

Temperature 5- 40oC Increase in Activity 40oC - denatures Rate of Reaction 10 20 30 40 50 60 <5oC - inactive

Effect of heat on enzyme activty If you heat the protein above its optimal temperature bonds break meaning the protein loses it secondary and tertiary structure

Effect of heat on enzyme activty Denaturing the protein

Effect of heat on enzyme activty Denaturing the protein ACTIVE SITE CHANGES SHAPE SO SUBSTRATE NO LONGER FITS Even if temperature lowered – enzyme can’t regain its correct shape

pH Rate of Reaction

pH Rate of Reaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

pH Narrow pH optima Rate of Reaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

pH Narrow pH optima WHY? Rate of Reaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Affect charged atoms at active pH Narrow pH optima Disrupt Ionic bonds - Structure Rate of Reaction Affect charged atoms at active site 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Enzyme Concentration Rate of Reaction

Enzyme Concentration Rate of Reaction Enzyme Concentration If substrate is available, rate of reaction will increase as enzyme concentration increases

Substrate Concentration Rate of Reaction

Substrate Concentration Rate of Reaction Substrate Concentration

Substrate Concentration Active sites full- maximum turnover Rate of Reaction Substrate Concentration As substrate concentration increases, reaction rate will increase until All enzymes are working