LUSI X-ray Pump-Probe Instrument WBS 1.2 David Fritz – XPP Instrument Scientist LUSI CD-2 Review August 19, 2008 Team Leader: Kelly Gaffney Second Scientist: Marc Messerschmidt Lead Engineer: J. Brian Langton Designer: Jim Defever Designer: Jim Delor Page

Outline XPP Science XPP Location System Physics Requirements System Scope System Description System Layout CD-4A Deliverables Early Science Schedule Costs Major Risks 6-month Look-ahead Summary

Science Team Specifications and instrument concept developed with the science team. The XPP team leaders Kelly Gaffney, Photon Science, SLAC (leader) Jorgen Larsson, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden David Reis, University of Michigan Thomas Tschentscher, DESY, Germany Page

Time Resolved Scattering The x-ray pump-probe instrument will take advantage of the ultrashort pulse duration of the LCLS to take snapshots of a photo-induced phenomena. In general, the experiments performed as this endstation will use an ultrafast laser pulse to initiate a transient response in a system. The system will be probed using various x-ray scattering techniques. The time evolution of the response will be mapped by variably delaying the arrival time of the x-ray pulse with respect to the pump laser pulse. The success of this end station will depend upon the ability to accommodate a wide variety of laser excitation techniques, samples, sample environments and x-ray scattering methods. C. Siders

X-ray Pump-Probe Science Phase Transitions Order / Disorder Metal/Insulator Charge Transfer Reactions Photosynthesis Photovoltaics Vision Vibrational Dynamics Energy Dissipation and Flow photo- excitation Stampfli and Bennemann Phys. Rev. B 49, 7299 (1994) photo- excitation Page

XPP Instrument Location Near Experimental Hall X-ray Transport Tunnel AMO (LCLS) XPP Endstation XCS CXI Far Experimental Hall Page

Near Experimental Hall AMO Control Room XPP Control Room AMO (LCLS) XPP Endstation Page 7

XPP Physics Requirements Goals Perform time resolved experiments at the highest temporal resolution achievable (80 fs rms) Accommodate as many classes of experiments are reasonable achievable Capable of running in a shared beam mode using a future beam splitting monochromator Instrument must be accessible while beam is delivered to FEH Tailor and characterize X-ray and optical beam parameters Spatial profile Intensity Repetition rate Spectral bandwidth Wavelength (optical laser) Temporal profile (optical laser) Key Performance Parameters 4-20 keV Using fundamental and third harmonic 0.1-0.01% energy resolution 1000 x 1000 pixel detector

XPP Physics Requirements Photon Shutter Requirement Device Tailor X-ray spatial profile ( > 50 microns) X-ray Slits Tailor X-ray spatial profile ( < 50 microns ) X-ray Focusing Lenses Tailor X-ray intensity and spectrum Attenuators Tailor X-ray repetition rate Pulse Picker Tailor X-ray spectrum Harmonic Rejection Mirrors Characterize X-ray pulse intensity Intensity Monitor Characterize X-ray spatial profile Profile Monitor Sample orientation Sample goniometer Position X-ray area detector Detector Mover Measure X-ray scattering pattern Detector Photoexcitation of samples Laser System Characterize spatial profile, temporal profile, spectrum, intensity at a virtual sample Laser Diagnostics Intensity Monitor Slits Profile Monitor Intensity Monitor Slits Focusing Lenses Attenuators Pulse Picker Mirrors Slits Intensity Monitor Profile Monitor Sample Goniometer Detector Mover Profile Monitor Intensity Monitor Photon Shutter

XPP Scope - WBS 1.2 WBS Scope/CD-2 Cost Includes: 1.2.1 XPP System Integration & Design 1.2.2 XPP X-ray optics and diagnostics support tables 1.2.3 XPP Ultrafast laser system 1.2.4 XPP 2D Detector from BNL by MOU 1.2.5 XPP Sample goniometer XPP Detector mover 1.2.6 XPP Hutch Facilities 1.2.7 XPP Vacuum system 1.2.8 XPP Installation Other Related WBS 1.5 Diagnostics & Common Optics 1.6 Controls and Data Acquisition Page

XPP System Description 1.2.2 XPP X-ray Optics and Supports Fixed table (hutch 2) and 2 translating tables (hutch 3) Rigid support structures that will define the x-ray optical axis Design goals in priority order Stabilize optics with respect to each other (short & long term) Stabilize optics with respect to global coordinate system

XPP System Description 1.2.3 XPP Laser System Will utilize and expand upon AMO laser system AMO Laser Requirements > 3 mJ per pulse energy at sample (800 nm) < 50 fs pulse duration 120 Hz < 100 fs phase jitter to LCLS RF Multipass amplifier >20 mJ per pulse energy (800 nm) Frequency conversion capability OPA Harmonic generation Temporal pulse shaping capability Diagnostics suite System designed such that a non-laser trained user can perform an XPP experiment Sufficient automation to control laser parameters Sufficient engineering controls to provide safe working environment Page 12

XPP System Description 1.2.4 XPP Detector System Developed at BNL via MOU High detector quantum efficiency Single photon sensitivity Large dynamic range >103 104 photon dynamic range per pixel 120 Hz readout rate 1024 x 1024 square pixels 90 µm pixel size Page 13

XPP System Description 1.2.5 – Sample Goniometer Flexibility to accommodate a wide variety of sample environments (50 kg) Capable of orienting small samples (~ 50 μm) over a wide range of reciprocal space Sphere of confusion < 30μm Open access to allow close proximity laser optics Operate in direct or future monochromatic beam No interference with direct beamline while in monochromatic mode Page 14

XPP System Description 1.2.5 – Detector Mover 10 cm – 100 cm sample to detector distance in forward-scattering upper hemisphere quadrant 10 cm – 50 cm sample to detector distance in back-scattering upper hemisphere quadrant Repeatable position the XPP detector pixels to a fraction of the pixel size Definitively know the position of all detector pixels to a fraction of the pixel size Operate in both interaction points No interference with direct beamline while in monochromatic mode Page

XPP System Description 1.2.6 XPP Hutch facilities Raised flooring Storage cabinets, work benches and tool chests Utilities distribution 1.2.7 XPP Vacuum system 1.2.8 XPP Installation Page

XPP Instrument Layout

XPP Instrument Design Detector Mover Detector Ultrafast Laser Diagnostics Sample Goniometer X-ray Optics & Diagnostics Page

CD 4A XPP Instrumentation CD-4A components Sample Goniometer Detector Mover Support Tables and Shielding Ultrafast Laser System Shared AMO Laser Optics, optomechanics and diagnostics Common optics and Diagnostics Pulse Picker Slits All Diagnostics CD-4C components Ultrafast Lsser System Power Amplifier OPA Common optics and Diagnostics Attenuators X-ray Focusing Lenses Harmonic Rejection Mirrors

XPP Early Science Early experimental techniques Time-resolved diffraction Time-resolved diffuse scattering ~ 100 fs temporal resolution (single shot) Non-thermal melting and large amplitude coherent phonons Natural extension to research performed at SPPS Characterize source and instrument capabilities Interaction of FEL with solid state matter as soon as LCLS reaches saturation

XPP Schedule Preliminary Design Reviews Optics Support Tables – August 2008 Sample Goniometer – December 2008 Detector Mover – January 2009 Final Instrument Design Review – February 2009 Final Design Reviews Optics Support Tables – January 2009 Sample Goniometer – January 2009 Detector Mover – April 2009 CD-3A - July 2009 Award PO Optics Support Tables – October 2009 Sample Goniometer – July 2009 Detector Mover – September 2009 Receive Optics Support Tables – February 2010 Sample Goniometer – April 2010 Detector Mover – April 2010 CD-4A - December 2010 (Early Finish July 2010)

XPP Schedule FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 Preliminary Design Reviews X-ray Optics Support Tables – August 2008 Sample Goniometer – December 2008 Detector Mover – January 2009 Optical Table Layout – May 2009 Laser Containment System – May 2009 Final Instrument Design Review – July 2009 Final Design Reviews Sample Goniometer – April 2009 Vacuum Equipment – June 2009 Detector Mover – August 2009 X-ray Optics Support Tables – October 2009 Optical Table Layout – March 2010 Laser Containment –April 2010 Project Ready for CD-3A - June 2009 Award PO Sample Goniometer – October 2009 Hutch Facilities – October 2009 Detector Mover – December 2009 X-ray Optics Support Tables – February 2010 Optical Tables – April 2010 Laser Optics and Optomechanics - May 2010 Laser Containment System – June 2010 Receive Hutch Facilities – January 2010 X-ray Optics Support Tables – April 2010 Sample Goniometer – July 2010 Detector Mover – July 2010 Optical Tables – August 2010 Laser Containment System – August 2010 Laser Optics and Optomechanics - October 2010 Project Ready for CD-4A – Oct. 2010 (Early Finish July 2010)

XPP Level 3 Cost Breakdown

XPP Major Risks Risk Mitigation Detector system technical requirements not met Late delivery of XPP detector Mitigation Detector system development is being closely monitored by the LCLS Detector Advisory Committee (LDAC) A milestone is in place where a decision must be made to proceed with BNL effort or to begin a construction using Cornell technology The prototype Cornell detector (190 x 190 pixels) will be used in the interim if the XPP detector is delayed N. Van Bakel will discuss in detail in breakout session tomorrow.

6-month Look-ahead 43 Level 4 & 5 Milestones (Early Finish) Complete Preliminary Design, Prelimary Design Review, Final Design Review for: X-ray Optics Support Tables Sample Goniometer Detector Mover Laser Optical Table System and Safety Enclosure Vacuum Equipment Final Instrument Design Review (January 2009) Instrument Ready for CD-3A (February 2009) Page

Summary Instrument accommodates a wide variety of cutting edge research capabilities and fulfills the CD-0 mission Instrument concept is based on proven developments made at SPPS and SR sources Safety hazards have been identified in the Hazard Analysis Report (HAR) Safety issues are considered at every step of the design and fabrication process Scope of instrument fully defined Resource loaded schedule developed through end of project Preliminary design of key components is well advanced XPP and LUSI are ready for CD-2 approval Page