Chapter 9 Lesson 1 Washington’s Presidency Essential Question: How did George Washington set up the new government, and what was the purpose of the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789?

Ch. 9.1 Vocabulary 1. inaugurated – sworn into office in a formal ceremony 2. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 – Law passed by Congress giving the Supreme Court its members 3. Cabinet – Group of department heads who serve as the President’s chief advisors 4. tariff – A tax placed on imported goods

Ch. 9.1 Focus Questions 1. What was the purpose of President Washington’s cabinet, and who were the members of his cabinet? 2. What was the purpose of the Federal Judiciary Act? 3. Why did Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan include paying back the nation’s war debt? 4. What steps did Hamilton include (in his financial plan) to improve the nation’s finances?

Ch 9.1 Focus Questions 5. Describe Hamilton’s beliefs regarding government? 6. Why did many southern states object to helping the country pay off its war debt? 7. Why did Hamilton favor imposing high tariffs on imported goods? 8. How did Jefferson & Madison’s views regarding government differ from Hamilton’s views?

Washington Takes Office Electoral College chose two names for president. Washington received the most votes and was elected president John Adams, the runner-up became vice president. Washington was inaugurated (sworn in as president) April 30, 1789 at Federal Hall.

Washington’s Cabinet The Constitution gave Congress the task of creating departments to help the president. The president had the power to appoint the heads of these departments. The heads of the departments together became known as the president’s cabinet Congress created three departments: Department of War (Secretary of War – Henry Knox) The State Department (Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson) Department of the Treasury (Secretary of the Treasury – Alexander Hamilton)

Setting Up the Courts The Constitution created a Supreme Court, but left it to Congress to decide the number of judges. Congress passed the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789. This act: Gave the Supreme Court six members Chose one Chief Justice Chose five associate justices

Economic Problems The new government had war debts totaling 52 million dollars. Alexander Hamilton believed the country must pay its war debts or no country would ever lend the U.S. money again in the future. Hamilton supported a strong central government He encouraged business and industry He believed the nation’s economic growth depended upon wealthy merchants and manufacturers.

Economic Problems In 1790 Alexander Hamilton presented his plan to Congress: 1. Pay off all war debts 2. Raise government revenues 3. Create a national bank Because the Southern states had already repaid their war debts, they did not want to help the Northern states pay theirs. They reached a compromise: support for the plan in exchange for the new nation’s capital located in the South – between Virginia and Maryland along the Potomac River.

Economic Problems Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury also supported a tariff a tax placed on imported goods. 1. Raised money for the government 2. Encouraged people to buy American made products The highest tariffs were on foreign goods like shoes and textiles (fabrics)

Interpreting the Constitution Thomas Jefferson and James Madison: Constitution supported less power to the Federal Government Government only has the powers specifically stated in the Constitution, nothing more. Supported literal interpretation of the Constitution Opposed a national bank Alexander Hamilton disagreed: - Constitution supported a strong Federal Government Favored a “flexible” interpretation of the Constitution National Bank is necessary to carry out the government’s duties

Interpreting the Constitution Both Jefferson and Hamilton argued their positions to President Washington Alexander Hamilton won, and the Bank of the United States was set up in 1791. The First Bank of the United States was built in 1791 and was located in Philadelphia PA It is now a national historic landmark.