Independence Movements Holly Hartman & Nick Barashki

Topics Map Jose Morelos Toussaint L’Ouverture Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin European influences on revolutionaries Topics

Jose Morelos Was a Mexican priest and revolutionary September 16 1810 Hidalgo issued the “Cry of Dolores” kicking off Mexico's struggle for independence He and Hidalgo raised the army of liberation Hidalgo was defeated at the battle of the Calderon bridge In November of 1815, the Congress was on the move again and Morelos was assigned to escort it. The Spanish caught them at Tezmalaca and a battle ensued. Morelos bravely held off the Spanish while the congress escaped, but he was captured during the fighting. He was sent to Mexico City in chains. There, he was tried, excommunicated and executed on December 22. Is considered one of the greatest heroes of Mexico and countless things are named after him, including the State of Morelos and the city of Morelia Jose Morelos

Toussaint L’Ouverture Leader of the Haitian Revolution and slave revolt Count de Breda was his master and encouraged his education Born into slavery Count de Breda was his master and encouraged his education (reading and writing) Became land and slave owner himself Joined French army to abolish slavery 1801- a constitution was issued establishing him as governor for life and providing autonomy for the island Was arrested and imprisoned in Fourt de Joux and died on April 7, 1803 Toussaint L’Ouverture

Royalists forces defeated Bolivar and he went into exile in Jamaica He invaded Venezuela again and established a revolutionary government at Angostura and became president He defeated the Royalists outside of Caracas in what became known as the Battle of Carabobo He added territory to new Columbian republic Peru became a separate state Bolivia was named in his honor He then became president of Peru Simon Bolivar

Jose de san Martin Argentinian soldier and statesman Led the liberation of Chile and Peru In September of 1811, San Martin boarded a British ship in Cadiz with the intention of returning to Argentina, where he had not been since the age of seven, and joining the Independence movement there Was one of the leaders of the Lautaro Lodge, a secretive, Mason-like group dedicated to complete liberty for all of Latin America He surprised the royalists by crossing the Andes and sneak attacking them in Chile Stepped down before the last Spanish resistance and let Bolivar get all the glory He was the “Protector of Peru” Jose de san Martin

European Influences on Revolutionaries In the late 1700s, Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the United States to Latin America Of all the revolutions in modern history, those in Spanish America in the early nineteenth century might be most closely related to eighteenth-century revolution that created the United States Europe had a lot to do with the American Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment which had a huge influence on the Spanish Americas being freed from Spain The Spanish fought many European armies and all of the times they lost it motivated them to gain their independence European Influences on Revolutionaries

In 1810, South America was still part of Spain's vast New World Empire By 1825, the continent was free, having won its independence at the cost of bloody wars with Spanish and royalist forces Independence might never have been won without the brave leadership of men and women ready to fight for liberty Simon Bolivar, Jose de san Martin, Toussaint L’Ouverture, and Jose Morelos were the greatest liberators of the Latin American independence movements and were the main contributions of the separation of Spain and South America Conclusion