The Rise Of Nationalism in the “era of good feelings”

Nationalism What is nationalism? The glorification of one’s nation Why again, is there this surge in nationalism? “Victory” in War of 1812 – unite people Federalists are dying out Loss of leadership Seen as defeatists D-Rs take their ideals Movement towards a one-party system

James Monroe (D-R) elected in 1816 with 68%

Monroe is re-elected in 1820 with ~100%

James Monroe 1817-1825, D-R A “man of moderation” Flexible Favored de-Federalization No higher offices for Federalists Pragmatic Put rivals in cabinet Like Washington, he disliked political parties

Judicial Nationalism under John Marshall Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judicial Review McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) A state cannot tax a federal agency… federal law is supreme to state law US has right to establish Bank even if Constitution does not say so - do what is “necessary and proper” to carry out powers granted to government. Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Can hear cases dealing with state legislation involving powers of the federal government Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Upheld congressional power to regulate commerce between states

Judicial Nationalism under John Marshall Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) Both upheld Constitutional protection of contracts against state encroachment Win for business? Looking at past cases, how did they reflect nationalism?

What about Economic Policies? What did Henry Clay’s “American System” economic program entail? Protective Tariffs – get Tariff of 1816 Internal Improvements – building new roads and canals to link states together Establish Second Bank of US (first had expired in 1811) Purpose: establish paper currency, manage and invest government finances, regulate private and state banks. Also, get the Land Act of 1820 b/c Panic of 1819 How does each of these policies promote nationalism?

Henry Clay’s American System Food stuffs to feed workers NE Manufactured Goods Manufactured goods West Food Stuffs Manufactured goods Raw materials to cities Migration South Raw Materials

Cultural Nationalism influenced art and literature Literature – American Renaissance Express Nationalist spirit and pride in potential James Fenimore Cooper – first American to make career as a novelist. Author of Last of the Mohicans Art – Hudson River School Group of landscape painters who used realistic detail to depict America’s beautiful landscape.

Foreign Affairs Treaty of 1818 – British and Americans share Oregon

Adams-Onis Treaty (1821) Sets boundary between US and New Spain and US gets Florida

The Monroe Doctrine Formulated by Adams, Secretary of State Why? Monarchies of Europe want to make world safe from democracy – Holy Alliance Spain wants them to help regain its territories in Latin America. US wants to protect “sister republics” Russian expansion in Alaska and Pacific Coast

The Monroe Doctrine What does it basically say? No part of America is open to further European colonization If Europe tries to interfere with any governments in the hemisphere then considered unfriendly acts US will not interfere with existing European colonies US not interfere in affairs of Europe

Underlying Regional Differences Missouri Territory applied for statehood in 1819 Why is this a problem? Equal number of slave and free states. Missouri would tip the balance in the Senate. Henry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri will enter as Slave Northern district of Massachusetts would become Maine and enter as free For future states, set 36°30′ line across continent – south would be slave and north would be free

Long term or short term fix?