Nanotechnology, Role of Networks Professor Mamoun Muhammed Department of Functional Materials Director, Nano characterization Centre Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm mamoun@kth.se Ex-Chairman, Egypt National Committee on Advanced Materials 4th Arab conference for Industrial Information and Networks. Riyadh, KSA December 20 - 22, 2009

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What is Nanotechnology? An academic discipline? A philosophy? A disruptive technology? A special partnership? A field? An integrated technology? A technology concept? An evolutionary process An over-hyped word? NANO A degree program? A platform? A size range? An interdisciplinary science? A science based on size? An arena? A concept? An enabling technology? A horizontal technology? A vertical industrial sector? The next industrial revolution? Profits

Definition USA Agencies calls it “Nanotechnology" if it involves all the following Research and technology development, or products regulated by FDA, that are at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, and where at least one dimension, that affects the functional behavior of the product, is in the length scale range of 1-100 nm 2. Creating and using structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size. 3. Ability to control or manipulate at the atomic scale.

The Colors of Gold 2019-01-03

2019-01-03 IM2655 Intro to nanotech

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Quantum Confinement Example: CdSe Intensity (a.u.) Wavelength (nm) D = 1 nm D = 5 nm

Mechanical Properties Hardness increases using Nano-grains copper Hard material

Nanostructured Materials in Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines

Materials Properties to NANO MATERIALS Films (multilayers) Electronics Nanostructuring Tailoring of Materials Properties to Specific Applications Energy Polycrystalline Catalysis Nanocomposites Biomedical Data Storage Patterned Structures Environmental Structural Nano-Particles Materials Chemistry

Nanomaterials’ Applications

Cosmetics Everyday Skin™ Penetrating Cream Nanospheres release needed hydration to tough-to-treat areas like cracked heels and chapped hands while skin-sealing bioactives ensure continuous corrective action Nano-in Deep Cleaning for make-up removal and exfoliation Superior nano ZnO formula combined with state-of-the-art nano micelle technology to completely remove makeup and dead cells, leaving your skin clean, smooth, and fresh. Nano-in Natural Environmental Cleaning Agent   Wash Naturally and Eat Healthily Nano micelle product containing natural glycerin can completely remove any pesticide residues on fruits/vegetable, and all the oil/dirt on cutlery. Apagard® Oral Care Toothpaste Nano Medical Hydroxyapatite remineralizing toothpastes http://www.b2bnano.com/beautiful-face/nano-in-deep-cleaning.htm http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/ http://www.b2bnano.com/natural-cleaning/nano-in-natural-environmental-cleaning-agent.htm

Textiles Nano Silver Anti-odor http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/

Smart air-cleaning paints (ecopaints) Photo-catalysis for self-cleaning surfaces British company Millennium Chemicals: (based in Grimsby) holds the patent for Ecopaint In a typical 0.3-millimetre layer of Ecopaint, there will be enough calcium carbonate to last five years in a heavily polluted city. Polysiloxane is resistant to attack by titanium dioxide. Europe-funded Photocatalytic Innovative Coverings Applications for Depollution Assessment programme (PICADA)

Environment: Water Purification Ultra filtration membranes/mesh filters Remove turbidity, bacteria, viruses, organics Replace RO for lower pressure desalination NanopowderAdsorbents TiO2 or Magnetite for As, MnO for VOCs Nanoporousceramic bacteria attach and digest organics Can be treated to remove Hg, heavy metals, PO4 Charged Nano Alumina Fibers Nanosensors for the detection of contaminants Nanocatalysts ZnO nanorods for PC cleansing Nanotechnology in Food & Agriculture Report; http://www.foeeurope.org/activities/nanotechnology/index.htm

Nanotechnology in the Food Industry NANOFOOD: Food which has been cultivated, produced, processed or packaged using nanotechnology techniques or tools, or to which manufactured nanomaterials have been added. Food formulations Increase nutrients Coatings and barriers Controlled release of particles Packaging and storage NP containing milk package Edible films Nano Ag film calcium silicate Thermal insulation bags Water-soluble shell to trap fat-soluble materials such as vitamins A and D, food additives… Nanotechnology in Food & Agriculture Report; http://www.foeeurope.org/activities/nanotechnology/index.htm T. Tarver. “Food Nanotechnology.” Food Technology Magazine. 2006, 60(11), 22-26.

Optical Applications Smart Window Needle shaped nanoparticles of polyiodides. Suspended Particle Device, SPD Developed by the company Research Frontiers The electric field causes the particle material to polarize (induced electric dipoles) • The induced electric dipoles interact and the particles align in chains which maximizes their attraction. www.smartglass.com

Magnetic Nanoparticles Overview of Heparin, a general anticoagulant in organism Nanomedicine Liposomes Magnetic Nanoparticles Polymer nanoparticles Dendrimers Fast and more efficient biosensors Targeted drug delivery to specific cells Novel cancer theraphy and hyperthermia treatments Magnetic resonance imaging enhancement Single cell study and bio- manipulation Novel diagnostic tools for early stage detection of diseases Nature Nanotechnology, 2007, 2, 469-478 22 22

Nanoelectronics - Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Nanoelectronics - Nanomedicine Endocapsule Intelligent Pill Monitoring & Diagnostics Drug delivery

The No – Nano Products

NANO – Activities A World-wide Outlook 2006/2007 400 Conferences / year (1 conf / day) 390 Books / year (1 book /day) 100-110 scientific papers / day Publications: 1. USA 2. China 3. Japan (Korea: 7 or 8). 51 Countries have Nano- Initiatives Several Countries (14) have Nano-Education Programs (B.Sc. & Masters level)

`Nano´ publications (1998 – 2007) 128868 31305 7375 3064 3122 2749 1728 1667 1285 1285 954 527 All Arab Countries All Arab Countries All Arab Countries All Arab Countries All Arab Countries All Arab Countries

Four Major “Nano” groups 1st Group: USA, Japan, Korea, Germany Leaders - Scientific Potential - High level of Government Funding - Industrial applications 2nd Group: Singapore, Switzerland - Small countries - Good applications and - Satisfactorily science 3rd Group: France, UK, Holland, Scandinavia, Many Europeans - Good science - not deep or good applications 4th Group China, Australia, Canada, Russia, India - Not leaders but Coming up!! - Doing interesting science

Funding of Nanotechnology Industry vs. Government Total Government funding estimated several billions USD per year Industry spending on Nano research expected to be 5- 10 times Industry: Short term results Product development Technology: if available Acquisition Keep outlooks at Universities & research centers Large industry have long term own research Governments Long term education and training Infrastructure buildup Training of new multidisciplinary scientists and engineers Pre -competitive research

General Issues – I Motivation Need for Networks General Issues – I Motivation Research costs are high Limited funding Human resources development needs long time efforts Basic science vs. Applied science (Scientific Research vs. Technology Development) Research and Education are strongly coupled (especially graduate education) Building infrastructure in scientific research is a long term investment R &T D is a high risk investment - low priority in AW On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006

General Issues – II Governance: National level Setting Priorities Long term planning & commitment Continuous follow up & evaluation Benchmarking (International) Involving several stake holders; Governments, Industry, Agencies On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006

Networking: Benefits Networking (Database, meetings conferences, etc) Regional - Pan Arab Specialization Synergism Integration – complementarity Long term commitment Networking (Database, meetings conferences, etc) Efficient communication On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006

Arab Network on Nanotechnology AR-Nano : Arab Network on Nanotechnology Established in 2007 by AIDMO and ASTF Database (scientists, industry, research, etc.) (AIDMO) Conference Knowledge Based Industry and Nanotechnology, Doha, 2007 Dissemination (ASTF)

Networking : Next Concerted Efforts Thematic Networking or clustering Dedicated programs “Virtual” Centers of Excellence Long term goal: Center of Excellences On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006

Concerted Efforts Networks of Excellence Project funding EU FP7 : 5-10% clustering and networking AR-Nano Initiate dedicated programs

Suggested Action for Networking Programs ARNANO Establish 2 – 3 concerted network programs Compatible with national priorities Have elements of regional or/and Arab-wide Well defined goals – Milestones - Deliverables Strong Leadership International involvement Rigorous follow-up and evaluation Important outputs: Strengthen on-going programs Initiate new joint projects dedicated to specific problems Human resources training & development Science Development Technology Development – commercialization. On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006

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Concerted Network Efforts Virtual Centers of Excellence Quick and fast initiation and start Dynamic Sharing resources Defined programs no need to be geographically concentrated Strongly connected On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006

Concerted Efforts Centers of Excellence Geographically located Dedicated Brain-Power Centers Thematic with several programs Strong Leadership Unique competences - State of the art instrumentations Central Facilities (National/Arab-wide) Strong International collaborations Have commercialization strategies (SME, incubators, etc.) Human resource development and training On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006

key element for success Long term strategy/Commitment key element for success On the Issues and Problems of Scientific Research in the Arab World, Alex 14-15, 2006