Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages (February 2010)

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Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 149-159 (February 2010) Isolation and Purification of a New Kalimantacin/Batumin-Related Polyketide Antibiotic and Elucidation of Its Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Wesley Mattheus, Ling-Jie Gao, Piet Herdewijn, Bart Landuyt, Jan Verhaegen, Joleen Masschelein, Guido Volckaert, Rob Lavigne Chemistry & Biology Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 149-159 (February 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.014 Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Structure of Kalimantacins and Batumin The molecules have a linear polyketidal backbone with an incorporated glycine, multiple methyl branches, and a characteristic carbamoyl-group. Chemistry & Biology 2010 17, 149-159DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.014) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Organization of kal/bat Biosynthesis Cluster ORFs are represented by grey (kal/bat biosynthesis) and black squares (flanking region)' predicted functions are listed in Table 1. Top of the figure shows G+C content, which significantly distinguishes the cluster from the flanking region. The positions of the three disruption mutants for the selected tags are marked by a cross. Down level shows the complete loss of antibacterial activity of the disruption mutants on a bacterial lawn plate bioassay, compared to the wild-type. Chemistry & Biology 2010 17, 149-159DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.014) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Proposed Model for kal/bat Biosynthesis (A) Enzymatic domains of the PKS and NRPS are represented by circles and squares, respectively. Additions by each module are highlighted in red, and activities provided in trans are highlighted in blue. Initial loading was by BatH, and subsequent loadings were by BatJ. Reductive loop of module 6 introduces a trans-double bond (E), whereas split-module 7 produces a cis-double bond (Z), determined by the B-type and A-type KR domains, respectively. Module 8 shows a further reduction in trans of the olefinic intermediate by BatK. Final maturation of kal/bat was done through carbamoylation (BatF) and reoxidation (BatM). (B) Mechanism of β-methyl incorporation (see explanation in text). Modules 5 and 9 contain an ACP triplet and douplet, respectively, which might help in channeling and docking intermediates to facilitate the β-methyl incorporation along with the elongation. AT, acyltransferase; KS, ketosynthase; ACP, acyl carrier protein; KR, ketoreductase (A-type or B-type, see text); DH, dehydrogenase; TE, thioesterase; C, condensation; A. adenylation; and T, thiolation. Chemistry & Biology 2010 17, 149-159DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.014) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Phenotypic Analysis of P. fluorescens BCCM_ID9359 Knockouts (A) HPLC profile of CHCl3-extracts. Absorbance was measured at 228 nm. kal/bat and related analogs elute at approximately 20 min. (B) Plate bioassay of purified kal/bat and analogs on S. aureus ATCC6538. (C) HRMS and NMR spectroscopic confirmed structures of purified products. Chemistry & Biology 2010 17, 149-159DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.014) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions