Rise of Islam Unit 2 Section 2 Essential Standards: How do religions influence political power and create cultural unity in European Regions? I can: identify how all religions are similar. I can trace & give examples of how beliefs influence actions.

Muhammad Became the Prophet of Islam Angel Gabriel messenger of God. Mecca to Medina 630 Muhammad returned to Mecca & rededicated the Kaaba to Allah. Died in 632.-summary of his life Teachings of Islam fasting during Ramadan Charity hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca (jihad or effort in God’s service it may include acts of charity/an inner struggle) Arabian Peninsula Monotheistic 5 duties Five Pillars: Faith daily prayer (turning point for Islam.)

Islam as a Way of Life Quran Belief in the same God as the Jews & Christians. Final & complete revelation from God Islamic system of law, called Sharia, regulated moral conduct. Unlike the West, it does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil law. What is Sharia Law

Islam Spreads Spread of Islam: Causes and Effects How were the Muslims able to conquer so many lands? People in the Fertile Crescent welcomed Arab conquerors as liberators. Common faith Islam Spreads Immediate Effects Centers of learning flourish in Cairo & Córdoba Long-Term Effects Est. trade network Split b/w Sunni & Shiites

Movements Within Islam Muhammad’s death Abu Bakr Mohammad’s father-in-law first caliph. SHIITES SUNNI Named after shi’at Ali, followers of Ali Believed that only descendents, called Imams, of Muhammad could become caliph. What's the difference? caliph, chosen by leaders of the Muslim community (sunna). Majority of Muslims today. Viewed caliph as a leader, not as a religious authority.

The Umayyads and the Abbassids golden age in Muslim civilization. UMAYYADS In 731-32 moved into France, stopped by the Franks at the Battle of Tours. ruled until 750 Success based on: Common faith Allowed other people to practice their religion, but had to pay a special tax. Prohibited looting In 711 Muslim forces crossed the Strait of Gibraltar & conquered Spain. Conquered lands from Atlantic to the Indus Valley Decline of Umayyads Relied on local officials to govern the empire Faced economic tensions between wealthy and poor Arabs

Decline of the Muslim Empire ABBASSIDS Lasted until 1258 Greatest wealth & power Golden age al-Mansur created the capital of Baghdad Decline of the Muslim Empire Around 850, the empire fragmented. 900s, Seljuk Turks invaded By 1055 a Seljuk sultan, or ruler, controlled Baghdad,. 1099 Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem. 1200s and 1300s, Mongol invaders Overthrew the Umayyads in 750 Had minarets, slender towers of the mosques, built. Each day a muezzin climbed to the top of the minaret and called the faithful to pray.

Hughes explains Islam Who is God in Islam-Morgan Freeman Brief history of Islam