of lead, cadmium and mercury German Federal Environment Agency Critical loads of lead, cadmium and mercury Gudrun Schuetze German Federal Environment Agency gudrun.schuetze@uba.de Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Why Critical Loads of heavy metals ? CL can be directly compared to deposition rates (but also other input rates) CL aim at avoidance of any harmful effect to human health and the environment in the long-term perspective (= "sustainability") CL are derived for receptor areas considering their specific sensitivity against metal inputs. CL maps can be produced. Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Effects of Pb, Cd, Hg and indicators used in the calculation of critical limits and critical loads Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

CL(M) = Mu + Mle(crit) where: CL(M) = critical load of a heavy metal M (g ha-1 a-1) Mu = uptake of M in harvestable parts of plants (g ha-1 a-1) Mle(crit) = critical leaching of M from the considered soil layer (g ha-1 a-1). Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

CL(M) = Mu + Mle(crit) Overview on necessary input data: Land cover (spatial information) Forest type and increment Agricultural crops and yields Metal contents in harvestable parts of plants (Manual / other literature) Precipitation surplus = Precipitation - Evapotranspiration (National Weather Service) Soil properties (National Soil Map) Critical limits Pb, Cd, Hg (Model WHAM W6-MTC, Manual ) Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

CCE call for CL(M) data 2005 5th percentile CL(Cd) to protect Source: CCE SR2005 pp. 23 CCE call for CL(M) data 2005 5th percentile CL(Cd) to protect human health (g ha-1 a-1) 5th percentile CL(Cd) to protect Ecosystems (g ha-1 a-1) 5th percentile CL(Pb) to protect human health (g ha-1 a-1) 5th percentile CL(Pb) to protect Ecosystems (g ha-1 a-1) 5th percentile CL(Hg) to protect human health (g ha-1 a-1) 5th percentile CL(Hg) to protect Ecosystems (g ha-1 a-1) Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Areas at risk of health or ecosystem effects in 2000 based on Official Emission data incl. TNO adjustments % area at risk of Health effects Ecosystem effects   Cd Pb Hg EU25 0.03 (0.1) 24.32 (8.1) 2.4 (3.9) 0.02 (0.0) 48.64 (7.4) 85.75 (51.2) Europe 0.83 (0.8) 16.65 (8.3) 0.07 53.44 (28.7) 85.34 (51.0) Between brackets: Areas at risk based on official 2000 emission data as published in the CCE SR2005 and the TFHM-S&E Source: CCE Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Scientific input to the review of the Sufficiency and Effectiveness of the CLRTAP's 1998 Protocol on Heavy Metals Download from the homepage of the Task Force on HM: http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/TaskForce/tfhm/Post-Ottawa.htm Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Taks Force on Heavy Metals Conclusion of the Taks Force on Heavy Metals acting under the Working Group on Strategies and Review TF chairman's report → ECE.EB.AIR/WG.5/2006/2. Uncertainties in Exceedance calculations are mainly due to uncertainties in emission data. Taking this into account and the fact that Integrated Assessment Models are not available for HM, performing scenario analyses would be a reasonable option for the use of CL(M) data, Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Scenario analysis in Europe: Exceedances of Critical Loads to both public and environmental health by Cd, Pb and Hg depositions in 2000 compared to emission scenarios for 2020 Hettelingh and Sliggers (2006): Heavy Metal Emissions, Depositions, Critical Loads and Exceedances in Europe, Ministry of the Environment VROM DGM, Netherlands including Pb, Cd, Hg, but also preliminary results on Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Cr, Se Download: www.mnp.nl/cce - publications Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Exceedance by lead (Pb) deposition In 2000 and 2020-FIAM % area at risk in 2020-FIAM: EMEP region: 19 % EU25: 27 % % area at risk in 2000: EMEP region: 42 % EU25: 42 % Source: Hettelingh and Sliggers (2006):Heavy Metal Emissions, Depositions, Critical Loads and Exceedances in Europe, Ministry of the Environment VROM DGM, NL Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Exceedance by mercury (Hg) deposition In 2000 and 2020-FIAM % area at risk: EMEP region: 77 % EU25: 68 % % area at risk: EMEP region: 74 % EU25: 61 % Source: Hettelingh and Sliggers (2006):Heavy Metal Emissions, Depositions, Critical Loads and Exceedances in Europe, Ministry of the Environment VROM DGM, NL Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Tentative results in 2000 and in 2020 following CLE, FI and FIAM scenarios Percentage of area in Europe at risk caused by exceedance of critical loads of the following heavy metals: Cr Ni Cu Zn As Se 2000 0.07 0.71 0.76 1.66 2.41 2020-CLE 0.08 0.40 0.44 1.06 1.09 2020-FI 0.01 0.21 0.34 0.94 2020-FIAM 0.03 0.25 0.33 Source: Hettelingh and Sliggers (2006):Heavy Metal Emissions, Depositions, Critical Loads and Exceedances in Europe, Ministry of the Environment VROM DGM, NL Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Modelling and Mapping Manual gudrun schuetze@uba.de If you would like to learn more about Critical Loads of Pb, Cd, Hg please have a look to the Modelling and Mapping Manual (available in Russian) www.icpmapping.org or contact gudrun schuetze@uba.de Workshop to promote the ratification of the Protocols on Heavy Metals, POPs and the Gothenburg Protocol across the entire UNECE Region, 26-28 Oct 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia