Do now: Write in agenda and put it away. Take out your textbook and turn to page 88. Listen for directions.

Geography and Early Egypt Notes

How did the Nile allow civilization to develop? Essential Question: How did the Nile allow civilization to develop? What was the importance of the pharaoh? Main Idea 1: Egypt was called the “gift of the Nile” because the Nile River was so important.

In what ways did the ancient Egyptians depend upon the Nile River?

I. The Nile River Located in Eastern Africa Longest river in the world (4,258 miles) Flows “up” from south to north Main Idea 1: Egypt was called the “gift of the Nile” because the Nile River was so important.

What are some advantages of Egypt’s geography? What are some disadvantages? Delta- a triangular shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river Black land- the rich black soil of the land on the banks of the Nile River. Red land- the dry desert sand Cataracts- steep rapids formed by boulders in the river. The Nile has 6 cataracts.

I. The Nile River Flooded twice a year: summer and fall. The whole welfare of Egypt depended on the regular flooding of the Nile. Egyptians thought the biannual flooding was part of a divine order. In a good year, farmers grew more food than the population needed. In a bad year, water does not reach the fields OR the floods drown crops and villages.

Silt deposits and irrigation technology made farming in ancient Egypt very productive. Canals were built to carry water to fields of wheat, barley, fruits, and vegetables The Nile allowed farmers to raise animals such as cattle and sheep. The river also provided many types of fish to eat, and hunters trapped ducks and geese. .

T-Time! Draw a label a T-Chart like below. List at 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of Egypt’s geography. Advantages Disadvantages

II. The Pharaoh Protected from invaders, the villages of Egypt eventually grew into two kingdoms. Lower Egypt: The northern part of Ancient Egypt. Upper Egypt: The southern part of Ancient Egypt

II. The Pharaoh Menes (Narmer) King who united Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom (3100 BCE) Double crown Capital at Memphis

II. The Pharaoh According to tradition, Menes rose to power in Upper Egypt and unified the two kingdoms by taking control of Lower Egypt and marrying a Lower Egyptian princess. Menes was probably Egypt’s first pharaoh, or king. He also founded Egypt’s first dynasty, or series of rulers from the same family.

II. The Pharaoh The pharaoh was Egypt’s political, military, and spiritual leader. He was believed to be semi-divine.

FIVE FOR FIVE! Use the following words in ONE sentence: pharaoh, Menes, dynasty, double crown, unified.

Where does the Pharaoh get his (or her) divine status?

III. Mythology Nut= Sky goddess Geb= Earth Shu (in between= the air Ra= traveled the night sky in a boat, representing the rising and setting sun on the Nile

III. Mythology Ra ruled the earth for many years. Gods and mortals lived together until some humans rebelled against Ra. Ra retired and Osiris took his place as King on Earth

III. Mythology Osiris ruled Egypt, but was killed by his jealous brother Set. Osiris’ son Horus, fought Set to avenge his father and became the king. Osiris= King of the Underworld Horus= King on Earth

III. Mythology Every pharaoh was a new “Horus” who was destined to become king. It was the pharaoh’s job to uphold divine order of the world. Famine and wars resulted in his failure.

Do now: Highlight the information in your notes that answer the essential questions. Homework: Draw a line underneath your notes and write a 5-8 sentences summary. Your summary must answer the EQ (use the info you highlighted!!!!).