DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-44.

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Presentation transcript:

DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-44

Recap of Lecture 43 Ethernet Implementations Other Ethernet Networks Token Bus/Ring

Overview of Lecture 44 Token Ring FDDI Internet & internet

Token Ring Token Ring allows each station to send one frame per turn Access method: Token passing

Token Ring

Access Control of Token Ring Priority and reservation Each station has a priority code Time limits Token Ring imposes a time limit to keep traffic moving

Monitor Stations One station is designated as a monitor station to handle several problems Monitor station generates a new token when it is lost Monitor station removes recirculating data frames

Token Ring Frame

Data Frame Fields

Implementation Each station in the Token Ring regenerates the frame One disabled or disconnected node could stop the traffic flow around the entire network Each station is connected to an automatic switch

Implementation

Token Ring Switch

Multistation Access Unit (MAU) Individual automatic switches are combined in to a hub One MAU can support up to 8 stations Although it looks like a star, it is in fact a ring

Multistation Access Unit (MAU)

FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface standardized by ANSI and the ITU-T 100 Mbps LAN protocol CDDI: Copper version of FDDI Access method: Token passing

FDDI Time Registers Time registers Values are set when the ring is initialized and do not vary SA (Synchronous Allocation) TTRT (Target Token Rotation Time) AMT (Absolute Maximum Time)

FDDI Timers Timers Each station contains two timers TRT (Token Rotation Timer) : Incrementing THT (Token Holding Timer) : Decrementing

Station Procedure

Station Procedure THT is set to the difference between TTRT and TRT THT = TTRT - TRT TRT is reset to zero (TRT = 0) The station sends S-frames during the time in SA The station sends A-frames as long as THT  0 Release the token

Dual Ring

Dual Ring

Network Access Method Signaling Data Rate Error Control Ethernet CSMA/CD Manchester 1, 10 Mbps No Fast Ethernet Several 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps Token Ring Token passing Differential 4, 16 Mbps Yes FDDI 4B/5B, NRZ-I

Summary Token Ring FDDI

Suggested Reading Section 12.5, 12.6, 12.7 “Data Communications and Networking” 2nd Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan