Fungi- Chapter 14

Fungi Eukaryotic Unicellular and multicellular Most are composed of hyphae (fungal filaments) Nuclei occur in continuous mycelium Heterotrophic absorbers Cell wall present and predominantly made of chitin Reproduction is asexual and sexual Life cycles are variable Numbers- ~100,000 species described Habitat- ubiquitous, but primarily terrestrial Size- microscopic and macroscopic Storage product- glycogen

Phylum Cryptomycota Unikonts Lack chitin ~1000 species Habitat- Soil, freshwater, and marine Example- Rozella.

Phylum Chytridiomycota Aseptate. ~800 species Habitat Soil from desert, ditches, and banks of ponds and streams, rumen of large mammals Motile zoospores and gametes with a single whiplash flagellum Example- Allomyces Sexual reproduction involves the formation of a sporophyte Asexual by zoospores

Phylum Microsporidia Spore forming unicellular animal parasites ~1500 species Lack mitochondria, golgi, and peroxisomes Reproduce by forming spores that shoot polar tubes into host cells Example- Microsporidium

Phylum Glomeromycota Arbuscular endomycorrhizae 200 species so far Occur in about 80% of vascular plants Aseptate, coenocytic Asexual, large multinucleate spores Example- Glomus

Phylum Zygomycota Aseptate ~1000 species Habitat Nonmotile. Plant and animal tissue in soil, some are parasitic on plants, insects, and small soil animals Nonmotile. Example- Rhizopus stolonifer (common bread mold) Sexual reproduction involves the formation of a zygosporangium Asexual by nonmotile spores

Phylum Ascomycota Septate ~32,000 species Habitat Nonmotile Leaves, wood, plant fruit. Nonmotile Examples- Neurospora (powdery mildew), Morchella (morel), Saccharomyces (yeast) Sexual reproduction involves the formation of asci on an ascocarp Asexual by budding, conidiospores, fragmentation

Phylum Basidiomycota Septate ~22,000 species Habitat Nonmotile Plant litter Nonmotile Examples- Agaricus (mushroom), Puccinia (rusts), Ustilago (smuts) Sexual reproduction involves the formation of basidia on an basidiocarp Asexual by budding, conidiospores, fragmentation

Lichens Mycobiont and phycobiont Mycobiont= part Ascomycota & Basidiomycota ~13,000 species Habitat From the desert to the poles Nonmotile Examples- Caloplaca (crustose), Parmelia (foliose), Usnea (fruticose) Reproduction is by fragmentation