FIGURE 1 Study subjects. KNHANES, Korean NHANES; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. From: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for renal hyperfiltration.

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FIGURE 1 Study subjects. KNHANES, Korean NHANES; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. From: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for renal hyperfiltration Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(6):1342-1351. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy194 Am J Clin Nutr | © 2018 American Society for Nutrition.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

FIGURE 2 Association of eGFR and vitamin D concentrations (A) FIGURE 2 Association of eGFR and vitamin D concentrations (A). The adjusted mean eGFR was calculated using a multivariable linear model, after adjustment for confounding variables (see Methods for details), and vitamin D concentrations were treated as a linear variable (n = 33,210). (B) The adjusted mean eGFR stratified according to vitamin D concentration using a general linear model after adjustment for possible confounding factors. The error bars represent 95% CIs of the adjusted mean, and asterisks indicate significant differences from the group with vitamin D sufficiency (P-trend <0.001). eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. From: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for renal hyperfiltration Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(6):1342-1351. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy194 Am J Clin Nutr | © 2018 American Society for Nutrition.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

FIGURE 3 The prevalence of RHF according to groups with different vitamin D concentrations. RHF, renal hyperfiltration; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. From: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for renal hyperfiltration Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(6):1342-1351. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy194 Am J Clin Nutr | © 2018 American Society for Nutrition.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

FIGURE 4 Association of serum vitamin D concentrations with ORs for RHF in fully adjusted logistic regression model using restricted cubic splines. Black line shows ORs, and dotted lines represent 95% CIs. RHF, renal hyperfiltration; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. From: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for renal hyperfiltration Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(6):1342-1351. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy194 Am J Clin Nutr | © 2018 American Society for Nutrition.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

FIGURE 5 Adjusted ORs of RHF according to groups with different vitamin D concentrations. Black squares indicate ORs, and the error bars represent 95% CIs. *P < 0.001 compared with reference group. RHF, renal hyperfiltration; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. From: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for renal hyperfiltration Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(6):1342-1351. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy194 Am J Clin Nutr | © 2018 American Society for Nutrition.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

FIGURE 6 Forest plots for the subgroup analyses of RHF according to groups with different vitamin D concentrations. All models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, history of hypertension or diabetes, hemoglobin, and LDL cholesterol. RHF, renal hyperfiltration. From: Severe vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for renal hyperfiltration Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(6):1342-1351. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy194 Am J Clin Nutr | © 2018 American Society for Nutrition.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)