Handout about Frederick Douglas Think about the following questions as you read the handout (please leave handouts on desk): (1) What is stated about Frederick Douglas’s curiosity regarding the word “abolition?” (2) Summarize describe the beginning of how Frederick Douglas learned to read and write?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

United States Civil War (1861-1865) “Both Sides and the Cause” LT James Barroll Washington, CPT George Armstrong Custer, and unidentified African American child

1850 – “Personal liberty laws” 1851 – Christiana Riot (Maryland)

Fugitive Slave Act (1850) After accusation, only an affidavit or testimony leads to arrest Accused has no right to testify Federal commissioners have incentive to rule in favor of slave catcher: Get $10 if judged slave Get $5 if judged free U.S. Marshals could deputize citizens to round up “escaped slaves”

States Rights?

- Comes after the “Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) “Bleeding Kansas” (1854-1861) - Comes after the “Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) - What does this passage say about the level of violence in Kansas? The violence against abolitionists was accompanied by celebrations in the pro-slavery press, with writers such as Dr. John H. Stringfellow of the Squatter Sovereign proclaiming that pro-slavery forces "are determined to repel this Northern invasion and make Kansas a Slave State; though our rivers should be covered with the blood of their victims, the carcasses of the Abolitionists should be so numerous in the territory as to breed disease and sickness, we will not be deterred from our purpose."

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Controversial Court Case - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR-VTrPcMDg Questions: (1) On what legal grounds had slaves successfully sued for their freedom? (2) Why such controversy?

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Controversial Court Case - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR-VTrPcMDg Questions: (1) On what legal grounds had slaves successfully sued for their freedom? (2) Why such controversy?

Northwest Ordinance, 1787 Slavery prohibited in “Northwest Territory” as the Ohio River becomes the boundary dividing free and slave states. New standard for state admission.

Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine becomes a free state (2) Missouri becomes a slave state (3) Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’ (4) Slavery allowed into Arkansas Territory south of 36 30’

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) ** What is Chief Justice Roger Taney’s argument? “[African Americans] had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold, and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever a profit could be made by it.” - Chief Justice, Roger Taney

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) ** Taney Court decides: (1) Dred Scott remains a slave (2) African-Americans not citizens of any state Supreme Court decides black people cannot bring suit in court (3) Protects property of slave-owners The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Slavery protected by 5th Amendment Slaves can be taken anywhere (4) Congress cannot make any laws respecting slavery

John Brown Abolitionist farmer. In response to peaceful abolitionists, he stated “"These men are all talk. What we need is action—action!"

John Brown Raid on Lawrence, KS: May 21,1856 – pro-slavery attack. Pottawatomie Massacre: May 24-25, 1856, John Brown leads abolitionists soldiers. John Brown’s Raid: Harpers Ferry, Virginia: Oct. 16, 1859, which has an arsenal of weapons. On December 2, 1859, Brown wrote:  “I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood.”

The Election of 1860 Why Lincoln wins? --- Democratic Party becomes divided into Northern and Southern factions “Constitution Union” Party forms due to the national crisis Abraham Lincoln wins with less than 40% of popular vote

Battle of Fort Sumter The South Secedes The Beginning - South Carolina Legislature calls for a special convention on Dec. 20, 1860 to secede from the Union. Fort Sumter in South Carolina falls on April 13, 1861.

Alexander Stephens’ Cornerstone Speech … (March 21, 1861) “Our new government is founded upon exactly [this] idea; its foundations are laid, its corner- stone rests upon the great truth, that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery -- subordination to the superior race -- is his natural and normal condition. This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth.”

Turn to page 250 and read about … Advantages North and South First year of the Civil War