Volume 8, Issue 12, Pages 1136-1141 (December 2016) Aerobic Exercise Combined With Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Increases Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Healthy Males  Takamitsu Kawazu, MD, Takeshi Nakamura, MD, PhD, Takashi Moriki, RPT, MSc, Yoshi-ichiro Kamijo, MD, PhD, Yukihide Nishimura, MD, PhD, Tokio Kinoshita, RPT, MSc, Fumihiro Tajima, MD, PhD  PM&R  Volume 8, Issue 12, Pages 1136-1141 (December 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.05.004 Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels immediately before exercise (pre-Ex), immediately after exercise (post-Ex), 1 hour after exercise (1h after-Ex), 2 hours after exercise (2h after-Ex), and 3 hours after exercise (3h after-Ex) on the first day of exercise, with and without noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV)/continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). non-NPPV denotes without NPPV. Data are mean ± standard error of the mean. *P < .05, compared with pre-Ex. PM&R 2016 8, 1136-1141DOI: (10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.05.004) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions