Objectives/Standards: 13 Colonies Life in early America Objectives/Standards: Describe the contributions of geographic and economic conditions, religion, and colonial systems of government to the development of American democratic practices. Describe the geography, cultures, and economics of the Southern, Middle Atlantic, and New England Colonies. Describe interactions (e.g., agricultural and cultural exchanges, alliances, conflicts) between Native Americans and European settlers.

Coming to America Teacherspayteachers.com Jessica Giuliani

Colony – What is a colony? A settlement in a new area. Vocabulary Colony – What is a colony? A settlement in a new area. The first English colonies in North America were along the eastern coast. Colonist – What is a Colonist? An English man or woman that moves to the new world of North America.

Original 13 Colonies

Reasons Why Some Englishmen came for religious freedom from the Church of English. They wanted land and wealth that they couldn’t have in England. They wanted freedom from the King’s rule. They wanted a new beginning They want adventure. They wanted gold and riches.

Other Reasons Why Self-rule By 1735 there were over 6 million English men women and children looking to the 13 English Colonies here in North America for a new beginning.

The Colonies Each colony was unique in it’s characteristics. However, they are grouped together based on location, reasons they were founded, and what types of industries they had. New England Colonies Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Middle Colonies Delaware Pennsylvania New York New Jersey Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

New England Colonies

Vocabulary Puritans – Who were they? The Puritans came to New England to escape the King who punished them for their religion. They governed a strict colony that was based around the bible and the church. They had elected officials but they were male. No women could serve in the Puritan government.

The settlers here made a great deal of money fur trapping. New England Colonies The settlers here made a great deal of money fur trapping. Other economic opportunities in New England were based around the sea: fishing, shipbuilding, and whaling. The soil was rocky and so the New England Colonies were not known for their farms.

Facts New England Colonies People in New England towns lived, worked, and worshiped close together. The meeting house and the church were the most important buildings in the town.

Facts New England Colonies The Puritans settled in Massachusetts. Because they were so strict some Puritans left Massachusetts and founded the other New England Colonies. The Colonies of New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island were friendlier more tolerant of people’s differences.

New England Colonies By 1750, busy cities cropped up around the New England colonies. Boston became world famous for its shipping port.

New England Colonies School One room One teacher Very strict, children were often whipped for punishment. The main subject was reading. Every community with 50 families or more were required to have a school. Reading the Bible was important so Massachusetts passed a law about public education in 1647.

New England Colonies -Quiz: What religion was in control of Massachusetts? Name three ways in which the colonies in New England made a living? What was the soil like in New England? What was the most important city in the New England colony?

Middle Colonies

The Breadbasket Colonies Vocabulary The Breadbasket Colonies A Nickname for the Middle Colonies because they produced so much grain: Oats, wheat, rye.

People came to America from many different places to start a new life. Vocabulary Immigrant– What is an immigrant? A person that comes into a country to start a new life. People came to America from many different places to start a new life. Diversity– What is diversity? A group of people from very different backgrounds. The Middle colonies were an interesting place to live because of the diversity among the people.

Middle Colonies The settlements here were considered Royal Colonies. The King sent governors here to watch over the Middle Colonies. However, due to distance, it was difficult for the King to have much power over the colonies and many colonies were considered to be self-ruled. Delaware

Economy Middle Colonies -The Middle Colonies were based on agriculture; small farms that produced many different crops. -There were also factories that produced iron. - Beaver fur was common for trade

Middle Colonies The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had settlers from all different countries: Europe Germany Holland Sweden People lived on farms far apart from each other. Families usually home schooled their children.

Middle Colonies Facts -Sometimes called the “The Bread Basket” colonies because they grew so many crops for making bread. -The land was lush and fertile. - The wagon was invented in Pennsylvania and used for trade.

-Lived in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania Middle Colonies The Quakers -This religion was a big part of life in the Middle Colonies. Although other religions were welcome, the Quakers (also Known as the Society of Friends) came to Pennsylvania to escape persecution by the King of England. -Lived in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania

Middle Colonies Quiz: What did they call the Middle Colonies? Name three crops. What was the soil like? Who were Quakers and where did they live? Who were in charge of the Middle Colonies?

Southern Colonies

Indigo– What is indigo? A plant that was used in making blue dye. Vocabulary Overseer– What is a overseer? Someone that was hired to watch slaves as they worked. Plantation owners hired overseers to watch the slaves and make sure they did their jobs. Indigo– What is indigo? A plant that was used in making blue dye. The farmers grew indigo plants. Indigo was an important cash crop for the Southern colonies.

Southern Colonies The settlers here, for the most part, wanted to make money. They brought their families and the slaves worked the land. This region had many large plantations. A Plantation grows only one type of crop. Very different from the farms of the Middle Colonies.

Southern Colonies Economy -almost entirely agricultural -A class of wealthy elite owned plantations -a large part of the workforce were African slaves -plantations grew tobacco, rice, cotton and indigo Flat land, rich soil and a longer growing season, helped to make Southern plantations very productive.

Southern Colonies There were few towns in the southern colonies, but several times a year families living on plantations would travel to the county seat. This was the main town for each county. People went to church and traded crops for goods at the county seat. County seats had a courthouse, church, general store, and a jail

Southern Colonies Facts -Slavery was legal -Children born to slaves became slaves themselves -Slaves were imported from Africa.

Colonial Life…

Facts About School Boys normally went to grammar schools while girls went to dame school. There were no chalkboards, maps, or paper. School teachers were strict and were allowed to hit their students or make them wear a dunce hat if they were bad or said the wrong answer.

Other Facts About School In the New England colonies, children were taught to read so they could study the Bible. Boys got to also learn Latin and Math and other subjects to get into college. Girls could learn to read, but they weren't allowed to go to grammar school or to college. In the Middle Colonies, most schools were private. Students also learned other subjects so they could get into college. Girls weren't allowed to attend (unless they were Quakers). In the Southern Colonies, children were mostly taught at home. As in the other colonies, Southern girls did not go to higher schooling.

Sleigh Rides & Ice Skate Free Time Barn Raising (was a social event!) Make new clothes Sleigh Rides & Ice Skate Dances & Social Clubs Plays

Conflict in the Colonies As colonists settled and spread across New England, they entered land that was already lived on by Native Americans.

Conflict in the Colonies The Native Americans and colonists began attacking each other’s villages. They had very different ideas about owning land. Natives believed no one could own land while colonists believed you could own it if you claim it. Arguments began to lead to war resulting in lives lost. Some tribes were nearly completely wiped out because the English settlers had many advanced weapons.

13 Colonies Review Region Geography Government & Economy Religion & Society New England • Coastal areas with good harbors. • Inland areas with dense forests. • Poor rocky soil & short growing season. •Small farms. Lumber mills. Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished. •Cities developed along coast. •Most people organized as congregations. (Puritans) •Lived on farms, Merchants controlled trade. •Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and slaves provided labor. Middle •Fertile soil and long growing season. •Rivers ran into backcountry. •Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop. •Cities on coast. •Wealthiest people owned large farms & most business. •Most farmers produced a small surplus. •Tenants farmers rented land or worked for wages. • Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Protestant Southern •Favorable climate and soil for agriculture. •Wide rivers made cities unnecessary. “Plantations” •Tobacco, rice, cotton & indigo grown on large plantations as cash crops. •Wealthy elite controlled most land. •Labor supply: indentured servants & African slaves. Religion: Anglican

Study your vocabulary words. There is a quiz on the next page. Vocabulary Quiz Colony colonist Middle Colony slaves Economy indigo persecution overseer Study your vocabulary words. There is a quiz on the next page.

Vocabulary Quiz Colony colonist Middle Colony slaves indigo Economy persecution overseer A plant used to make blue dye. Someone hired to watch slaves. A settler from a distant country. Land overseas owned by another country. A worker from Africa. 6. To punish people for their religious beliefs. 7. The Breadbasket Colonies. 8. How people make a living.

Vocabulary Quiz Answers: Indigo Overseer Colonist Colony slave persecute Middle Colonies Economy

Fact & opinion Decide which are facts and which are opinions. On the next slide, decide if the statement is fact or opinion. Then, tell why. Fact: A state that is supported by evidence and is true. Opinion: A statement that tells what a person might believe or feel.

Decide which are facts and which are opinions. Fact & opinion Decide which are facts and which are opinions. The settlers traded goods with each other. Farming families were the best workers. Slaves were owned by plantation owners. Leaders during this time were excellent speakers. The Quakers had the best ideas about religion. If children misbehaved in school, they would be punished. Trading is a better way to run a community than using money. The Southern colonies had many plantations.

Fact & opinion Facts opinions Write 3 facts and 3 opinions about the colonists and their lives by making a t-chart. Facts opinions

Assignment Imagine you are a colonist from either the New England, Middle, or Southern colonies. Step 2: Write a journal entry of your life during this time. It should be a few paragraphs long. Step 3: Include your thoughts, feelings, activities around you, conflicts, daily life, etc. Hint; use a combination of the notes your took from this presentation, research from your Social Studies book, library books, or internet to assist you in your facts.

Rubric 1 2 3 4 Too short, less than 6 sentences. Not in journal form. 7 - 10 total sentences Paragraphs are small. 11 - 15 total sentences. In journal form. Appropriate length of 15 + sentences split into 2 paragraphs. Is in journal form. Does not reference daily life. References daily life sometimes. Daily life is referenced, facts accurate. Daily life is referenced, facts accurate. Feelings and thoughts some great effort. Is not clear what colony area you are from. No facts to back it up. Is semi clear what colony area you are from. Some facts as evidence. Colony area is mentioned. Facts are clear. Colony area is clearly identified and described. Effort is above and beyond.